Waterings: It needs moderate to regular water. The edible Dioscorea starches (viz. These phytochemicals include mucopolysaccharide, dioscorin, diosgenin (Fig. Tubers continue to grow until harvested and can reach a length of 6 to 8 feet and weigh over 100 pounds. Check local laws before adding these plants to your garden. Manufacture: The starting material is cultivated in the Henan Province of the People's Republic of China. Some species may be invasive in your area. Collection of Dioscorea, clover, sage, tsmina and hawthorn treat cataract, myopia and hyperopia, but only in the early stages. sions present in the Pacific germplasm collection at SPC-CePaCT, Fiji, were tested for the presence of badnaviruses using a combination of rolling circle amplification (RCA) and sequencing. It can survive in a number of different habitats and environmental conditions, but is most commonly found at the edges of rich, mesic bottomland forests, along stream banks and drainageways and near fencerows. Cultivation and Propagation: Dioscorea sylvatica responds well to cultivation and makes an easy and wonderfully unusual houseplant. Dioscorea elephantipes will live for approx. Dioscorea oppositifolia is a fast growing twining vine that has escaped from cultivation. There are reports of the use of the non-detoxified plant in suicide, hunting, and for criminal and ritual poisoning [154]. D. batatas (yam), which is widely distributed in East Asia, has long been used as a supplement as a major source of steroid precursors (Li and Ni, 2011) or prescribed to treat poor appetite, chronic diarrhoea, asthma, frequent or uncontrollable urination, diabetes and even emotional instability (Hou et al., 2002). Collection of Dioscorea, clover, sage, tsmina and hawthorn treat cataract, myopia and … These vines can reach 3 meters high. Dioscorea elephantipes will live for approx. Batatasin I (Fig. It grows wild from Rhode Island to Florida and Texas and has the characteristic highly ornamental heart-shaped leaves and vining habit.Genus name honors Pedanios Dioscorides, first century Greek physician and herbalist. Only 6 pots to maintain - at home. Thyroxine tablets were purchased from Shanghai Industrial United Holdings Great Wall Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd (Shanghai, China); reserpine injections were purchased from Guangdong Bangmin Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd (Guangdong, China). • Dioscorea species are true yams. Dioscorea species are widely used plants not only in Eastern traditional medicine but also in modern Western medicine. Nigeria is by far the largest producer of yam (44 Mt) followed by Ghana (7 Mt) and Ivory Coast (6 Mt). The rhizomes of some of the species are commonly used as traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs; Pharmacopoeia Committee of P. R. China, 2010). The other species with known cathratic activity are C. alata, C. fistula, C.obovata, C. podocarpa, C. sieberiana, C. sofora, C. dentata, C. javanica etc. Post by mikethecactusguy » Fri Aug 23, 2019 9:52 pm For some reason my original posting was hijacked and it went out on a completely different … Besides, these mucopolysaccharides (50 μg/ml) were found to increase the uptake capacity and lysosomal phosphatase activity of test peritoneal macrophages (Choi et al., 2004). Many are edible or are grown as ornamentals. Fig. citronella, Pelargonium and Pogostemon are short-day plants and essential oil production can be increased by nearly 25% by satisfying appropriate light requirements to these crops. It will start growing … These glycoproteins also can stimulate specific immune system functions, including macrophage activation via increasing the expression levels of iNOS, IL-1β and TNF-α (Huong et al., 2011). 11.1. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 57, 5035–5041. of cultivation). Dioscorea Dioscorea bulbifera 7. 64 doi: 10.33495/jacr Farming system and cultivation constraints in African yam Dioscorea dumetorum (Pax, Kunth) production in Benin Fabienne Adétola Adigoun1 • Hubert Adoukonou-Sagbadja1* • David Montcho1, 2 • Fiacre (2007) reported B pattern for D. esculenta with crystallinity of 43%, B/C pattern for D. alata with crystallinity of 49%. Under favourable conditions, some species can be stored for around three months. RMD significantly prevents increases in blood pressure, and the antihypertensive effects of RMD are better than those of RMR. Dioscorea rotundata (white guinea yam - common in Nigeria), Dioscorea alata (yellow yam - common in Nigeria) ... Climatic and soil requirements for Yam Cultivation : Yam requires a temperature of 25C – … THP-1 cells were cultured in RPMI-1640 medium (Hyclone; GE Healthcare), containing 10% FBS (Zhejiang Tianhang Biotechnology Co., Ltd.). 2005). Of these, 35 tested positive for either Dioscorea bacilliform AL virus (DBALV) or Dioscorea bacilliform AL virus 2 (DBALV2). Support for the vine will be necessary. Kedrostis africana, Dioscorea mexicana, [Podocarpus falcatus, Isoetes lacustris, Xanthorrhoea quadrangulata, Welwitschia mirabilis], Fockea edulis, Stephania venosa and Pyrenacantha malvifolia. T.-M. Pan, W.-H. Hsu, in Encyclopedia of Food Microbiology (Second Edition), 2014. Its uniqueness doesn’t only come from how the plant looks, but also from how it acts. Further, in addition to significant enhancement of proliferation of T cells and B cells in splenocytes of glycoprotein-treated mice, the non-specific cytolytic activity of NK cells and macrophages was significantly increased (Huong et al., 2011). Declining productivity of yam in Nigeria highlighted the need for a study to determine both the effect of fertilization on yam (Dioscorea spp.) Dioscorea species can grow rapidly once established, up to 6 inches per day, so are heavy feeders. The course duration is three weeks. 8(4), pp. Yam is the common name for some plant species in the genus Dioscorea (family Dioscoreaceae) that form edible tubers. In addition, the ethanol extract of bark of D. batatas was identified to confer anti-inflammatory bioactivity through inhibition of iNOS and COX-2 expression in RAW 264.7 cells, apparently via NF-κB and ERK1/2 inactivation (Jin et al., 2010). In the Great Smoky National Park, it has become a serious threat to native plants and has the potential to become a major pest plant in the United States. Pot or tub culture is recommended. Thanks to the valuable healing properties of the root of the plant, it has been called the "root of youth" by the people. A few species, however, have been identified as possessing the risk of causing kidney injury, and poisoning usually results from ingestion of improperly prepared tubers, especially in cases of famine or from occasional medical use. This is a place for members to post on-going topics about their plants and experiences. True yams are the third most important tropical root crop after cassava and sweet potatoes. The human THP-1 cell line was purchased from the Type Culture Collection of the Chinese Academy of Sciences. However, Americans call their sweet potatoes (Ipomoea batatas) yams. yield and biomass production, as well as the best agronomic management options available for stabilizing yam productivity, via the modeling of yam growth and development. Fifteen different genotypes of greater yam (Dioscorea alata) NGY-1, NGY-2, NGY-3, NGY-4, NGY-5, NGY-6, NGY-7, NGY-8, NGY-9, NGY-10, NGY-11, NGY-12, NGY-13, NGY-14 and Da-199 were procured from different places of south Gujarat, like Valsad, Navsari, Surat and Anand.Among the biochemical parameters total carbohydrate ranged between 51.87 and 87.85% from different … (2013) obtained B patterns for five wild yam varieties and crystallinity of 35%–40%. Our previous study reported that a 50–75% ethanol-partitioned fraction of the tuber extract of D. batatas (DsCE-II) may confer immunogenic activities (Su et al., 2011b). Yam crops face pressure from a range of insect pests, fungal and viral diseases, and nematodes and the crop has a lower yield per hectare compared to crops such as cassava or sweet potato. Cultivation of medicinal plant can decrease the amount to which wild populations are harvested, it will also help to preserve plant species from extinction and will promote socio-economic growth. An approximately similar level of diosgenin was obtained in field grown and in vitro grown tubers (Chen, 1985; Table V). The Garden wouldn't be the Garden without our Members, Donors and Volunteers. In the drawing:Illustration of yam plant. Saccharification proceeds under 0.3 MPa to DE 90–95.2817 In another procedure, pulp of Diascorea sativa was gelatinized at 90 °C with alpha amylase, saccharified with α-amyloglucosidase, and then fermented with yeast.2818, L. Zhou, ... Y. Peng, in Encyclopedia of Agriculture and Food Systems, 2014. Vascular remodeling in aorta caused by hypertension is the vascular lesions in vascular disease. The pebbles help (with bigger plants, you can add bigger pebbles), brick or tile pieces, ceramic pieces, perlite… In addition to that, it’s good to position pebbles on the bottom of the container too. D. al Colocasiata, D. esculenta, and D. rotundata), Dioscorea abyssinica and D. cayenensis starch possessed “B” XRD patterns. Cultivation of a Dioscorea Elephantipes. Other articles where Black bryony is discussed: Dioscoreaceae: Black bryony (Tamus communis) is a European perennial vine with yellow flowers, poisonous red berries, and poisonous blackish root tubers. HOW TO GROW YAM. The West African yellow yam (Dioscorea cayenensis) gets its color from the presence of carotenoids, and it is a good source of vitamin A. Dioscorea esculenta, grown on the Indian subcontinent, in southern Vietnam, and in the South Pacific islands, is one of the most nutritious yams. The mucopolysaccharide in D. batatas can significantly increase IFN-γ production in treated splenocytes, suggesting that it may induce cell-mediated immune responses (Choi et al., 2004). Numerous studies which have been carried out on Dioscorea species in laboratories interested in medicinal plants prompted the question as how to obtain diosgenin without cultivation of the plants in the field or how to regenerate them to provide a large number of plants… Vigorous, annual … Furthermore, these steroids are reported to possess cytotoxic, antitumor, antifungal, immunoregulatory, hypoglycemic, and cardiovascular properties (Sautour et al., 2007). Yuan and Zhang (2007) obtained C pattern for starch from Dioscorea nipponica while Hoover (2001) and Sahore et al. Globally, the largest areas planted in yam are all located in sub-Saharan Africa and include Nigeria, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Benin and Togo. Collection from wild populations is a concern since many species are slow-growing perennials with low fecundity and/or juvenile recruitment rates (Bierzych-udek 1982; Charron and Gagnon 1991; Meagher and Antonovics 1982; Sinclair et al. Invasive exotic plants are weeds that alter ... On a larger scale, coordinated bulbil collection events, such as the city of Gainesville’s Air Potato Roundup, have ... Dioscorea bulbifera leaf damage by the air potato leaf beetle, Lilioceris cheni. The powder of the thyroxine tablets and the reserpine injection were dissolved in distilled water with concentrations at 16 mg/mL and 0.1 mg/mL, respectively. A plant cell suspension culture is a sterile (closed) system normally initiated by aseptically placing friable callus fragments into a suitable sterile liquid medium (Dixon and Paiva, 1995). Dioscorin also can act as a TLR4 activator and induce macrophage activation via the typical TLR4-signalling pathways via stimulation of multiple signalling molecules (NF-κB, ERK, JNK and p38) and induction of the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6) (Fu et al., 2006). The plant prefers acid, neutral and basic (alkaline) soils. Cultivation and collection: It is a biennial or perennial herb. It can be grown … We use cookies to help provide and enhance our service and tailor content and ads. ... FEDLINK - United States Federal Collection. True yams include hundreds of mostly tropical, fast growing, climbing or crawling vines with attractive heart-shaped leaves, usually with large or even gigantic roots that is some species continue to grow and increase in size for years. Species you may find include the following: Dioscorea alata (white yam, water yam): Probably the most cultivated, edible, true yam. The high mucilage content of Dioscorea esculenta makes it an excellent demulcent that can be used for many applications. It is a vine mostly known from cultivation, but also reported as escaped in the Panama Canal Zone. The cultivation of yam tuber is the third global agro-economic product after cassava (Manihot esculenta) and sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas). Dioscorea species, popularly known as Yam worldwide and as Ban Aalu in Odisha, India, is a prime staple medicinal-food substitute for the majority of rural and tribal people of the state of India. Chemical structures of diosgenin and batatasin I from Dioscorea batata. About 25% of yam fresh weight is starch, mainly in the form of amylopectin. Yams are perennial herbaceous vines cultivated for the consumption of their … (Dioscorea spp.) Dioscorin, a tuber protein, has been shown to exhibit systemic and mucosal immunomodulatory activities in vivo after oral administration (Liu et al., 2009). It is about 1 to 2 metres in height. Tubers of yam (Dioscorea) for production of ethanol are ground, a thick, 30–35% slurry is prepared, and its pH is brought to 6.0–7.0. Slow down or withheld water when the tuber is dormant in summer (after shedding its leaves). Alpha amylase is added, and after gelatinization and liquefaction at 90–93 °C, filtration and vacuum concentration to 30–35%, the pH is brought to 1.2–1.8 with hydrochloric acid. A callus is subsequently cut from the explant and subcultured further. 5), with a well-identified structure of 6-hydroxy-2,4,7-trimethoxyphenanthrene, was shown to inhibit the generation of prostaglandin D2 and leukotriene C4 and degranulation activity in mouse bone marrow-derived mast cells (Lu et al., 2011c). Dioscorea species, commonly known as yam, are tuberous plants which constitute a major staple food in most parts of Africa. DsCE-II efficacy level for bone marrow cell restoration was ∼ 85% of that obtained by a subcutaneous administration of recombinant G-CSF proteins (5 μg/kg) in mice tested in parallel, suggesting that the DsCE-II fraction of D. batatas extract may be useful for further development as a dietary supplement for use alongside chemotherapy during cancer treatment (Su et al., 2011b). Dioscorea belongs to the family Dioscoreaceae, which are abundant in nature and distributed widely in the tropics. Dioscorea zingiberensis C. H. Wright is the dominant source for diosgenin production in China. The higher diosgenin contents and maximum biomass was obtained from the developed tuber-derived cell suspension culture of D. doryophora. Dioscorea can reduce the risk of cancer in a woman. Dioscorea Elephantipes, or commonly known as Elephant’s Foot Vine, is one of the most unique and beautiful caudiciform plants around. Dioscorea japonica is a PERENNIAL CLIMBER growing to 3 m (9ft 10in). Senna is a day-neutral plant and cultivation success is independent of prevalent day-light duration. The largest germplasm collection of yam is housed by IITA, where over 3850 accessions are held and can be obtained at no cost for research and breeding purposes through the Standard Material Transfer Agreements (SMTA) mechanism. Figure 9. Waterings: It needs moderate to regular water. The name ‘yam’ properly belongs to the various species of Dioscorea. The three types of pills were then cut into pieces, immersed 10 times in methanol for an hour each time, and ultrasonically extracted three times for 40 min each. The root tubers are usually absent or insignificant. Plants even five to ten years old are extremely nice. Dioscorea Elephantipes, or commonly known as Elephant’s Foot Vine, is one of the most unique and beautiful caudiciform plants around. Dioscorea alata, also known as purple yam, ube, or greater yam, among many other names, is a species of yam (a tuber).The tubers are usually a vivid violet-purple to bright lavender in color (hence the common name), but some range in color from cream to plain white. Young plants grow best with a topdressing of gravel covering most of the caudex. Sep 4, 2020 - Explore Patty Newman's board "dioscorea elephantipes" on Pinterest. human THP‑1 cell The line was purchased from the Type Culture Collection of the Chinese Academy of Sciences. Sushim Kumar Gupta, ... Hsin-Sheng Tsay, in Advances in Botanical Research, 2012. Dioscorea • Colour = Slightly brown • Odour = Odourless • Taste = Bitter and acrid • Size = Varies depending on the age of the rhizomes (tubers) 4. More than 50 compounds of steroidal saponins from plants of Dioscorea L. have been isolated (Tang et al., 2007). Bulbils float in water and can be dispersed in floods. Dioscorea is a principal raw material used in the manufacture of birth-control pills. It is sometimes confused with taro and the Okinawa sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas cv. Cultivation of the sapogenin-bearing Dioscorea species Item Preview remove-circle Share or Embed This Item. Dioscoriaceae. For organs of sight. About 10 species are widely cultivated around the world, but only D. rotundata, D. alata , and D. cayenensis are the most widely cultivated species in West Africa, accounting for 93% of the global yam production. Abstract. Microscopic examination (100× and 400×) of aorta thin section on experimental SHRs: (a) control group, (b) d-1X group, (c) GABA-1X group, (d) RMR-1X group, (e) RMD-0.5X group, (f) RMD-1X group, and (g) RMD-5X group. J.B. Adams, in Texture in Food: Solid Foods, 2004. Cell culture and drug treatments. Soil and climate Well drained clay loam soil is suitable. Yam (Dioscorea species) is grown in 61 countries worldwide and is an important staple crop for sub-Saharan Africa and also commonly grown in the Caribbean and Pacific Islands. D. doryophora Hance, a Taiwanese species whose tuber possesses high quality and higher quantity of the active component, is being wildly propagated by farmers in Taiwan (Huang et al., 1993). (A) QC-LW (ESI–); (B) QC-SB (ESI–); (C) QC-SX (ESI–); (D) QC-LW (ESI+); (E) QC-SB (ESI+); (F) QC-SX (ESI+). Medicinal Dioscorea (Dioscorea floribunda Mart and Gal.) Most species contain steroid saponins and sapogenins, such as diosgenin, which is the starting material of industrial interest in the synthesis of many steroids that are on the market as anti-inflammatory, androgenic, estrogenic, and contraceptive drugs. The vines reaches 2 m and grows rapidly during the growing season ( from Autumn to Spring) but usually dies back in the summer, leaving the caudex to survive the hot, dry season. Although 6% sucrose was found to be optimum for the growth of cell suspension culture, it was observed that cells cultured in 3% sucrose containing medium produced higher level of diosgenin. Cultivation of a Dioscorea Elephantipes. Diosgenin content as high as 3.3% per gram dry weight was obtained in microtuber-derived cell suspension culture compared to the stem node-derived callus cell suspension, which contained only 0.3% diosgenin (Table VI). D. Preparation of Film .