"Hopkins, Harry Lloyd" in, Allen, R.G.D. Only Harry Hopkins meets the requirements for this agent's identity. New evidence that proves that Harry Hopkins, the closest and most influential adviser to President Franklin D. Roosevelt during World War II, was a Soviet agent. Hopkins recommended, and the president accepted, the inclusion of the Soviets in Lend Lease. He made Lend Lease decisions in terms of Roosevelt's broad foreign policy goals. I. Harry Hopkins in Russian Diplomatic Files. Laurence Steinhardt (C) surrounded by reporters during press conference at Spaso House after Hopkin's first visit w. Russian leader Joseph Stalin's to determine his commitment to fight Germany in WW II. [20] In turn, Hopkins passed on Stalin's stated goals and needs to Roosevelt. He was born in Sioux City, Iowa, in the United States. That claim is based on evidence too weak to be the basis for a confident conclusion. Hopkins started programs for youth (National Youth Administration) and for artists and writers (Federal One Programs). Harry Lloyd Hopkins (August 17, 1890 – January 29, 1946) was one of Franklin Delano Roosevelt's closest advisers. Mitrokhin?s documents showed that Hopkins had warned the Soviet ambassador that the FBI had learned through a bug it had placed in the home of Steve Nelson, a Soviet illegal agent, that Nelson was getting money from the embassy. Though his death has been attributed to his stomach cancer, some historians have suggested that it was the cumulative malnutrition related to his post-cancer digestive problems. A new book titled The Sword and the Shield has attracted considerable media attention, because it is based on copies of KGB documents that were smuggled out of the Soviet Union six years ago. The initial contact with the USSR came with Presidential Envoy and Director of the Lend-Lease programme Harry Hopkins with Soviet leader Joseph Stalin in Moscow.. On 30 July 1941 Hopkins briefed journalists at Spaso House, the US Embassy residence.At 20.00, he was described as looking 'pale and tired' and speaking 'faintly, his voice dwindling away at times to and inaudible mumble'. Relations between Moscow and Washington had … Harry Hopkins was born in Sioux City, Iowa, the fourth child of David Aldona and Anna (nee Pickett) Hopkins.He attended Grinnell College and soon after his graduation in 1912 took a job with Christodora House, a social settlement in New York City's Lower East Side ghetto. President Franklin D. Roosevelt and Harry Hopkins “A confidential message from FBI Director J. Edgar Hoover, reproduced in [Diana] West’s new book, told [White House aide Harry] Hopkins that a ‘continuing’ investigation had discovered that Russian diplomat (and Comintern agent) Vasily Zarubin had made a payment to U.S. Communist Party official Steve Nelson to help place … Hopkins became manager of the Bellevue-Yorkville health project and assistant director of the AICP. Hopkins helped draft a charter for the American Association of Social Workers (AASW) and was elected its president in 1923. [37], In mid-1939, Hopkins was told that he had stomach cancer, and doctors performed an extensive operation that removed 75% of his stomach. American diplomat Harry Hopkins (1890–1946), a prominent New Dealer and President Franklin D. Roosevelt's special envoy to London during World War II. He was rejected for the draft because of a bad eye. Ray Wannall, former FBI assistant director for counter-intelligence, says he always suspected that Hopkins was a Soviet agent and that this is proof of his treachery. Hopkins would live out of the bedroom for the next three-and-a-half years. [10], Before Hopkins began to decline from his struggle with stomach cancer in the late 1930s, FDR appeared to be training him as a possible successor. Mark says that at the time, any actions were taken specifically to help the American war effort, and to prevent the Soviets from making a deal with Hitler.[25]. Harry Lloyd Hopkins was born in Sioux City, Iowa, on 17th August, 1890. Harry Hopkins, né le 17 août 1890 à Sioux City (Iowa) et mort le 29 janvier 1946 à New York, est un homme politique américain. The following article is from The Great Soviet Encyclopedia (1979). Hopkins would live out of the bedroom for the next three-and-a-half years.[13][14]. Anna Hopkins, born in Hamilton, Ontario, had moved at an early age to Vermillion, South Dakota, where she married David. [12], On May 10, 1940, after a long night and day of discussing the German invasion of the Netherlands, Belgium, and Luxembourg that had ended the so-called "Phony War", Roosevelt urged a tired Hopkins to stay for dinner, and then the night, in a second-floor White House bedroom. Roosevelt brought him along as advisor to his meetings with Churchill and Stalin at Cairo, Tehran, Casablanca in 1942-43, and Yalta in 1945. Jan 18, 2019 - Explore Tom Ford's board "Harry Hopkins, FDR's Top Aide", followed by 122 people on Pinterest. Han var en af arkitekterne bag reformprogrammet New Deal, især hjælpeprogrammerne under Works Progress Administration (WPA), som han ledede og udbyggede til den største arbejdsgiver i landet. Hopkins had a major voice in policy for the vast $50 billion Lend-Lease program, especially regarding supplies, first for Britain and then (upon the German invasion) the USSR. In 1963 the FBI concluded that Jordan "either lied for publicity and profit or was delusional". WPA head Harry Hopkins speaking to reporters (November 1935), Eduard Mark, "Venona's Source '19' and the 'Trident' Conference of May 1943: Diplomacy or Espionage? Harry Lloyd Hopkins (17. august 1890 – 29. januar 1946) var en af den amerikanske præsident Franklin Delano Roosevelts nærmeste rådgivere. Avant d'occuper ce poste, il est déjà un proche conseiller du président : il est entre autres l'un des précurseurs du New Deal et de programmes qui lui sont rattachés… In January 1941 Roosevelt dispatched Hopkins to assess Britain's determination and situation. They began before Hopkins made a trip to Moscow in July 1941, a month after the Germans invaded the Soviet Union. "Mutual Aid between the U.S. and the British Empire, 1941–5", in, Kimball, Warren F. "Franklin D. Roosevelt and World War II,", This page was last edited on 30 November 2020, at 23:21. Harry Lloyd Hopkins was born in Sioux City, Iowa, the fourth child of David Aldona and Anna (née Pickett) Hopkins, devout Methodist parents who taught him the Social Gospel. During the 1915 recession, Hopkins and the AICP's William Matthews, with $5,000 from Elizabeth Milbank Anderson's Milbank Memorial Fund, organized the Bronx Park Employment program, one of the first public employment programs in the U.S.[4]. In 1942, Hopkins married Louise Gill Macy (1906–1963) in the Yellow Oval Room at the White House. [21], Hopkins continued to be a target of attacks even after his death. They spent two years in Chicago and finally settled in Grinnell, Iowa. The fallback position is that even if Hopkins is not "19," there is nonetheless convincing evidence that he was a Soviet agent. He was concerned with rural areas but increasingly focused on cities in the Great Depression. There is evidence that Hopkins even went so far as to arrange for the shipment of uranium to the Soviet Union to help them develop the atomic bomb. Hopkins studied at Grinnell College and … L Hopkins, George Brinton Hopkins, James Donaldson Hopkins, John Penn Jones Hopkins, Francis McKormick Hopkins and Kate Robinson Hopkins. One congressman asserted that British media tycoon Lord Beaverbrook had given Hopkins' wife Louise $500,000 worth of emeralds, which Louise denied. In 1922, Hopkins returned to New York City, where the AICP was involved with the Milbank Memorial Fund and the State Charities Aid Association in running three health demonstrations in New York State. His last public service was a mission to Moscow at the request of President Harry S. Truman to prepare for the Potsdam Conference of 1945. Hopkins had four siblings, three brothers, and a sister. In World War II, he was Roosevelt's chief diplomatic troubleshooter and liaison with Winston Churchill and Joseph Stalin. He was one of the architects of the New Deal, especially the relief programs of the Works Progress Administration (WPA), which he directed and built into the largest employer in the country. The WPA operated on its own, and on selected projects in cooperation with local and state governments, but always with its own staff and budget. His final service was to Moscow to help arrange the Potsdam Conference for President Harry … [26][deprecated source? They have exposed an 87-year-old English grandmother who fed atomic secrets to the Soviets beginning during World War II and who has never been prosecuted. ©2020 by Accuracy in Media. Hopkins promoted an aggressive war against Germany and successfully urged Roosevelt to use the Navy to protect convoys headed for Great Britain before the U.S. entered the war in December 1941. Well I am going to quote to you one verse from the Book of Ruth ... 'Whither thou goest, I will go and where thou lodgest I will lodge, thy people shall be my people, and thy God my God. On May 10, 1940, after a long night and day of discussing the German invasion of the Netherlands, Belgium, and Luxembourg that had ended the so-called "Phony War", Roosevelt urged a tired Hopkins to stay for dinner, and then the night, in a second-floor White House bedroom. His leadership of the program earned the attention of Roosevelt, then the governor of New York, and Roosevelt brought Hopkins into his presidential administration after his victory in the 1932 presidential election. He had kept his copies hidden under the floor of his country house until 1992, when British intelligence managed to get both him and his six trunks of copied documents out of Russia. He was a key policy maker in the Lend-Lease program that sent $50 billion in aid to the Allies; Winston Churchill in his memoirs devotes a panegyric to this "natural leader of men" who had "a flaming soul". Hopkins at first opposed America's entrance into World War I, but, when war was declared in 1917, he supported it enthusiastically. The man who spent 3 ½ years living in the White House and travelling to Moscow and London to evaluate the fighting spirit of the Allies. On December 1, 1938, Constantine Oumansky, then the Soviet Chargé d’affaires ad interim in the United States, wrote in his “political letter” to Maxim Litvinov, the People’s Commissar of Foreign Affairs:. Winging to join Churchill was Harry Hopkins, the President’s friend and adviser, flying in primitive conditions in a PBY Catalina from Moscow after three days with Stalin. Over 90% of the people employed by the Hopkins programs were unemployed or on relief. In mid-1924 he became executive director of the New York Tuberculosis Association. [17] He continued to live in the White House and saw the President more often than any other advisor. During his tenure, the agency grew enormously and absorbed the New York Heart Association. It might be outdated or ideologically biased. Join us by donating to AIM today. The WPA, which followed the CWA, employed 8.5 million people in its seven-year history, working on 1.4 million projects, including the building or repair of 103 golf courses, 1,000 airports, 2,500 hospitals, 2,500 sports stadiums, 3,900 schools, 8,192 parks, 12,800 playgrounds, 124,031 bridges, 125,110 public buildings, and 651,087 miles (1,047,823 km) of highways and roads. He also served as Secretary of Commerce from 1938 to 1940. Harry Hopkins var en amerikansk politiker for det demokratiske partiet og Franklin D. Roosevelts fortrolige rådgiver. Harry Hopkins was a democratic administrator who personified the ideology of vast federal work programs to relieve unemployment in the 1930s; he continued as President Franklin D. Roosevelt’s emissary and closest personal adviser during World War II. They had three sons: David, Robert, and Stephen,[30] (they had lost an infant daughter to whooping cough)[31] and though Gross divorced Hopkins in 1930 shortly before Hopkins became a public figure, the two kept up an intimate correspondence until 1945. [33] They had one daughter, Diana. In late July 1941, Hopkins took a 24-hour flight to Moscow, seated in the machine-gunner’s metal chair in the rear of the plane, to meet Stalin and other Soviet leaders in person. Social work. Anas­tas Mikoyan was Hop­kins' coun­ter­part with re­spon­si­bil­ity for Lend-Lease. According to Mr. Gordievsky, who was in knickers when Mr. Hopkins died in 1946, the former social worker advocated positions favored by Moscow. In the spring of 1913, he accepted a position from John A. Kingsbury of the New York Association for Improving the Condition of the Poor (AICP) as "friendly visitor" and superintendent of the Employment Bureau within the AICP's Department of Family Welfare. Harry had 6 siblings: Mr William Leamer Wm. [32][33][34] In 1931, Hopkins married Barbara Duncan, who died of cancer six years later. FERA, the largest program from 1933 to 1935, involved giving money to localities to operate work relief projects to employ those on direct relief. In 1915, New York City Mayor John Purroy Mitchel appointed Hopkins executive secretary of the Bureau of Child Welfare which administered pensions to mothers with dependent children. Andrew had reported this in a book he had written in 1990 based on information provided by Oleg Gordievsky, a high-level KGB officer who had also been smuggled out of the Soviet Union by British intelligence. Harry Lloyd Hopkins (August 17, 1890 – January 29, 1946) was the 8th Secretary of Commerce, and President Franklin Delano Roosevelt's closest advisor on foreign policy during World War II. Newspapers ran stories detailing sumptuous dinners that Hopkins attended while making public calls for sacrifice. He and Eleanor Roosevelt worked together to publicize and defend New Deal relief programs. Harry Hopkins, who was also one of Roosevelt’s speechwriters, suggested the key phrase. Under … Hopkins ended his long White House stay on December 21, 1943, moving with his wife to a Georgetown townhouse. [3] He attended the major conferences of the Allied powers, including the Cairo Conference, the Tehran Conference, the Casablanca Conference, and the Yalta Conference. Stephen was killed in action serving in the Marine Corps. He went to Moscow in July 1941 to make personal contact with Joseph Stalin. His health declined after 1939 due to stomach cancer, and Hopkins died in 1946 at the age of 55. Andrew tries to put an innocent face on this, saying Hopkins was using Ahkmerov as a “back channel” to communicate with Moscow. He accepted a position in New York City's Bureau of Child Welfare and worked for various social work and public health organizations. Harry Hopkins (L), Aide to FDR, w. US Amb. He defected in 1992 and his materials were later spirited out of Moscow by British agents. Christopher Andrew, a Cambridge don, has now published a book based on them. His father, born in Bangor, Maine, ran a harness shop (after an erratic career as a salesman, prospector, storekeeper and bowling-alley operator), but his real passion was bowling, and he eventually returned to it as a business. Although Hopkins' health was steadily declining, Roosevelt sent him on additional trips to Europe in 1945; he attended the Yalta Conference in February 1945. Primary Sources Harry L. Hopkins. Gordievsky reported that Iskhak Ahkmerov, the KGB officer who controlled the illegal Soviet agents in the U.S. during the war, had said that Hopkins was “the most important of all Soviet wartime agents in the United States.”, Hopkins secret meetings with Ahkmerov were not known to anyone until Gordievsky revealed them. He often explained Roosevelt's plans to Stalin and other top Soviet officials in order to enlist Soviet support for American objectives – an endeavor that met with limited success. His father had various professions, including retail, but he loved bowling and settled on that as a business career. George Racey Jordan testified to the House Un-American Activities Committee in December 1949 that Hopkins passed nuclear secrets to the USSR. The first is a highly specific claim that Hopkins was a Soviet agent code-named "19," a high-level source who appears in a Soviet cable deciphered by the U.S. National Security Agency. The family regularly moved during Hopkins’s growing years, but they finally settled in Grinnell, Iowa. "[29], In 1913, Hopkins married Ethel Gross (1886–1976), a Hungarian-Jewish immigrant active in New York City's Progressive movement. Membre du Parti démocrate, il est secrétaire du Commerce entre 1938 et 1940 dans l'administration du président Franklin Delano Roosevelt. All Right Reserved. He was one of the architects of the New Deal,[1] especially the relief programs of the Works Progress Administration (WPA), which he directed and built into the largest employer in the country. Born in Iowa, Hopkins settled in New York City after he graduated from Grinnell College. [19], Hopkins was the top American official assigned to dealing with Soviet officials during World War II. He met Ahkmerov from time to time, giving him information to send to Moscow and receiving secret messages from Stalin. ", For more detail see Harvey Klehr, and John Earl, Haynes, "Harry Hopkins and Soviet Espionage", New York Association for Improving the Condition of the Poor, Temporary Emergency Relief Administration. [35] Macy was a divorced, gregarious former editor for Harper's Bazaar. He was elected president of the National Association of Social Workers in 1923. He in­ter­faced with So­viet of­fi­cials rang­ing from the mid­dle ranks to the very high­est, in­clud­ing Stalin. [7] Hopkins and Eleanor Roosevelt began a long friendship, which strengthened his role in relief programs. "The road not taken: Harry Hopkins and New Deal Work Relief. Hopkins briefly considered suing the Chicago Tribune for libel after a story that compared him to Grigory Rasputin, the famous courtier of Tsar Nicholas II of Russia, but was dissuaded by FDR.[18]. Accuracy in Media first reported on Mitrokhin's revelations shortly after the book's publication. He interfaced with Soviet officials ranging from the middle ranks to the very highest, including Stalin. There is a house on the Grinnell College campus named after him. Detail from "I'm More Than Just a Stalin Fan" by William Davies--More than any other item, what "triggered" the Pravda-style disinformation campaign against American Betrayal was book's annotated examination of Harry Hopkins, FDR all-powerful, unconfirmed, and, today, unknown top aide, who lived in the family quarters of the White House during World War II. He attended Grinnell Collegeand soon after his graduation in 1912 took a job with Christodora House, a social settlement in New York Ci… Vasily Mitrokhin a KGB archivist had painstakingly copied KGB files for many years. In less than four months, the CWA hired four million people, and during its five months of operation, the CWA built and repaired 200 swimming pools, 3,700 playgrounds, 40,000 schools, 250,000 miles (400,000 km) of road, and 12 million feet of sewer pipe. [5] Hopkins moved to New Orleans where he worked for the American Red Cross as director of Civilian Relief, Gulf Division. His efficient administration of the initial $20 million outlay to the agency gained Roosevelt's attention, and in 1932, he promoted Hopkins to the presidency of the agency. [6], In 1931, New York Governor Franklin D. Roosevelt named R. H. Macy's department store president Jesse Straus as president of the Temporary Emergency Relief Administration (TERA). "Harry Hopkins and Soviet Espionage", McJimsey, George. Repayment was primarily in the form of Allied military action against the enemy, as well as leases on army and naval bases in Allied territory used by American forces. Hopkins served as an important foreign policy adviser and diplomat during World War II. A week later, Roosevelt dispatched Hopkins on a special mission to London. They have told about Soviet plans to sabotage our electric power facilities and oil pipelines in the event of war. Reed Irvine particularly valued the book for providing "new evidence" that Harry Hopkins, FDR's closest and most influential advisor, was a Soviet spy. Harry Lloyd Hopkins (August 17, 1890 – January 29, 1946) was the 8th Secretary of Commerce, and President Franklin Delano Roosevelt's closest advisor on foreign policy during World War II. During World War II, Hopkins made several trips for President Roosevelt to London, England and Moscow, Soviet Union to discuss assistance and military strategy. In 1931, Jesse I. Straus hired Hopkins as the executive director of New York's Temporary Emergency Relief Administration. Shortly after Harry was born, the family moved successively to Council Bluffs, Iowa, and Kearney and Hastings, Nebraska. [8], In March 1933, Roosevelt summoned Hopkins to Washington as federal relief administrator. A particularly striking example of bad faith was Moscow's refusal to allow American naval experts to see the captured (on March 28, 1945) German experimental U-boat station at Gdynia and thus help the protection of the very convoys that carried Lend-Lease aid. He tried to resign after Roosevelt died, but President Harry S. Truman sent him on one more mission to Moscow. He supervised the Federal Emergency Relief Administration (FERA), the Civil Works Administration (CWA), and the Works Progress Administration (WPA). Henry Adams' biography of Harry Hopkins is first rate. Hopkins supervised the Federal Emergency Relief Administration, the Civil Works Administration, and the Works Progress Administration. Hopkins attended Grinnell College and soon after his graduation in 1912 took a job with Christodora House, a social settlement house in New York City's Lower East Side ghetto. John Earl Haynes and Harvey Klehr concluded in FrontPage Magazine in 2013: The case advanced for Hopkins' guilt has two parts. His insistence that aid be extended to Stalin with no strings attached justifies Ahkmerov?s evaluation of his performance. She was deeply religious and active in the affairs of the Methodist church. He feuded with Harold Ickes, who ran a rival program—the Public Works Administration—which also created jobs but did not require applicants to be unemployed or on relief.[9]. Etter å ha innehatt forskjellige stillinger i forsorgsvesenet ble han i 1932 direktør for staten New Yorks sosialvesen. Hop­kins was the top Amer­i­can of­fi­cial as­signed to deal­ing with So­viet of­fi­cials dur­ing World War II. [11] With the advent of World War II in Europe, however, FDR himself ran again in 1940, winning an unprecedented third term. Eisenhower. US statesman. Harry Lloyd Hopkins was born17th August 1890, to David and Anna Hopkins. [24] As Mark demonstrates, Hopkins was not pro-Soviet in his recommendations to FDR; he was anti-German and pro-U.S. Any "secrets" disclosed were authorized. Hopkins was born at 512 Tenth Street in Sioux City, Iowa, the fourth child of four sons and one daughter of David Aldona and Anna (née Pickett) Hopkins. From 1938 to 1940, Hopkins was secretary of commerce. [16] He accompanied Churchill to the Atlantic Conference. Churchill escorted this important visitor all over the United Kingdom. Prelude. He was one of the architects of the New Deal, especially the relief programs of the Works Progress Administration (WPA), which he directed and built into the largest employer in the country. ][27], It is currently considered likely that Laurence Duggan was the titular agent "19". "I suppose you wish to know what I am going to say to President Roosevelt on my return. That claim, however, is entirely mistaken. — Privacy Policy, Take Action: Reform the Presidential Debates, Accuracy in Media exposes Iowa Senate candidate, TAKE ACTION – Biden supporter to moderate debate, CNN’s Keilar rips Democrats for ignoring their own rules, WaPo dunks on US Thanksgiving celebrations. Another claim is that Hopkins died from liver failure due to hepatitis or cirrhosis,[39] but Robert Sherwood authoritatively reported that Hopkins' postmortem examination showed the cause of death was hemosiderosis [40] due to hepatic iron accumulation from his many blood transfusions and iron supplements. They began before Hopkins made a trip to Moscow in July 1941, a month after the Germans invaded the Soviet Union. On August 4th, Roosevelt left his yacht and boarded the cruiser USS Augusta, which continued north. Hopkins volunteered to fly to Moscow to find out for himself if the Soviet Union would be able to hold off the Germans. As Soviet soldiers were bearing the brunt of the war, Hopkins felt that American aid to the USSR would hasten the war's conclusion. Historian Robert Conquest wrote that "Hopkins seems just to have accepted an absurdly fallacious stereotype of Soviet motivation, without making any attempt whatever to think, or to study the readily available evidence, or to seek the judgement of the knowledgeable. His body was cremated and his ashes interred in his former college town at the Hazelwood Cemetery in Grinnell, Iowa. Eduard Mark (1998) says that some Soviets, such as master-spy Iskhak Akhmerov, thought Hopkins was pro-Soviet, while others thought he was not. Harry Hopkins, Aide to FDR, during his visit to Russia to determine the Russian leader Joseph Stalin's commitment to fight Germany in WWII. Despite this, Andrew argued that Harry Hopkins was “an unconscious rather than a conscious agent.”. He was ill and the trip was debilitating, but vital. A par­tic­u­larly strik­ing ex­am­ple of bad faith was Moscow's re­fus… John Earl Haynes and Harvey Klehr, "Was Harry Hopkins A Soviet Spy?". Hopkins died in New York City on January 29, 1946, at the age of 55. Despite lacking a cabinet position he was seen by all as the indispensable man. "How many weddings have been held at the White House? Harry passed away in 1886, at age 32. Harry Hopkins: A Glimpse into the Russian Records. Before he returned, at a small dinner party in the North British Hotel, Glasgow, Hopkins rose to propose a toast. They have told about a Soviet effort to blame the spread of the AIDS virus on the U.S. military, disinformation that Accuracy in Media exposed 12 years ago when Dan Rather put it out on the CBS Evening News. Convinced that paid work was psychologically more valuable than cash handouts, Hopkins sought to continue and expand New York State's work-relief programs, the Temporary Emergency Relief Administration. Hopkins had three sons who served in the armed forces during the war, Robert, David and Stephen. He conducted policy vis-a-vis Stalin with mere dogmatic confidence in his own (and his circle's) unshakeable sentiments. Does anyone remember Harry Hopkins, the adviser to President Roosevelt during the war years? Historians do not cite Jordan as credible—at the time Jordan claimed to have met with Hopkins in Washington regarding uranium shipments, Hopkins was in intensive care at the Mayo Clinic in Minnesota. The New York Times, The Washington Post, 60 Minutes and Nightline have all done substantial stories about the revelations Christopher Andrew has plucked from Mitrokhin?s archive. He supervised the $50 billion Lend Lease program of military aid to the Allies. Born in 1890 in Sioux City, Iowa, Harry Hopkins grew up imbued with traditional Midwestern values of … In mid-1943, Hopkins faced a barrage of criticism from Republicans and the press that he had abused his position for personal profit. [23] Verne W. Newton, author of FDR and the Holocaust, said that no writer discussing Hopkins has identified any secrets disclosed, nor any decision in which he distorted American priorities in order to help Communism. Ready to fight back against media bias? Hopkins, Harry Lloyd Born Aug. 17, 1890, in Sioux City, Iowa; died Jan. 29, 1946, in New York. Eventually, the Gulf Division of the Red Cross merged with the Southwestern Division and Hopkins, headquartered now in Atlanta, was appointed general manager in 1921.
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