Comparatively, biotechnology companies have access to capital from investments, allowing them to have enough funding to submit a patent claim. Add to cart / Details. The 40 days allows an appropriate timeframe to allow symptoms of a disease to develop and sufficient time for handling the disease. 20 Interactive activities. Also a secondary immune response will be triggered in the vaccinated individual rather than a primary immune response due to the production of memory B and T cells as a result of the vaccine. This creates an acidic environment that also hinders the growth of pathogens. The cleanliness in food, water and personal hygiene practices are important to prevent the spread of, i.e. University Guide TAFE Guide Study Tips. Food waste should be disposed in a controlled manner to avoid attracting vectors such as rats, establishing breeding sites for flies, and minimise pollution local waterways. Name the TWO components labelled A and B. It is within the lymph nodes where B and T lymphocytes are stored. Thus,  there is no written or visual proof of such traditional knowledge to satisfy the criteria of the copyright protection in the Act. Using mosquito nets while sleeping during daytime.“. Modern applications: The antioxidant properties of Kakadu plums allow them to be used as ingredients in skin treatment products in restoring skin elasticity and skin membrane. Upon maturation, the cells are released into the bloodstream whereby it is transported into the lymph vessel and stored in the lymph nodes. Antimalarial drugs that we have explored last week are used to treat malaria specifically. NESA is regularly updating its advice as the coronavirus outbreak unfolds. describe a variety of infectious diseases caused by pathogens, including microorganisms, macroorganisms and non-cellular pathogens, and collect primary and secondary-sourced data and information relating to disease transmission, including: (ACSBL097, ACSBL098, ACSBL116, ACSBL117) Aboriginal Protocol: Smokebush is a plant used by Aboriginal people for their healing properties in increasing the rate of healing for cuts on their skin and other skin conditions. PAST HSC QUESTIONS- MOD 7. Another note is that all aircrafts entering Australia are disinfected to eliminate vectors such as mosquitoes. The passenger him or herself (perhaps contracted a disease, carrying or infected by pathogen), etc. Upon successful binding, antibody is able to immobilise the antigen or block their receptors that are used in host cell entry. (2 marks) Question 2. Public Health Campaigns – including the importance of personal hygiene. We will explore more about the eye soon in Module 8! Memory B cells will remain in the lymph nodes and lymphatic tissues and have similar properties to B cells. Antigens are molecules (usually proteins) which the host recognise as being foreign and initiate the adaptive immune response (e.g. when individual gets exposed to the antigen for the first time). dilation of blood vessel), resulting in higher level of blood flow through the site of infection. We will now explore the role of B lymphocytes in the human’s adaptive immune response. For example: Alpha-Glucosidase can be extracted from transgenic rabbit which is can be used to gain resistant against Pompe’s disease. This binding process is not immediately and so the 2nd line of defence is good at minimising the quantity and damage caused by invading pathogen before the adaptive immune response hopefully ‘saves the day’. The memory T cells with matching surface receptor protein to the antibody will clone and differentiate into other T cells such as cytotoxic T cells and Helper T cells. HSC Biology – Module 5: Heredity – Reproduction Study Notes Page 3 of 6 o Seed dispersal - Following successful pollination and fertilisation of the flower, the seed develops - It is an advantage for a plant to spread or disperse its seeds over a wide NOTE: Lymphocytes is a type of specialised white blood cell (e.g. This is because the traditional knowledge of Aboriginal people on the medicinal properties of native Australian flora is, for the most part, passed down to generation verbally. This therefore can prevent the spread of the malaria disease. Module 8. The potato plant’s example is same as the general-induced immunity and specific-induced immunity as we have examined in the above section. HSC Biology Syllabus Notes Module 7 / Inquiry Question 4 Learning Objective #1 – Investigate and analyse the wide range of interrelated factors involved in limiting local, regional and global spread of a named infectious disease Working Scientifically In this module, students focus on developing and evaluating questions and hypotheses when planning and conducting investigations to analyse trends, patterns and relationships in data about infectious diseases. About Us. If the neighbouring cells are infected with the virus, it would signal the infected cells to perform apoptosis. NOTE: If you have another example, you can use that too. Get our latest COVID-19 advice ... Module C: The Craft of Writing So far, the antibiotic is able to treat various diseases such as the golden staph disease which is resistant to many antibiotics. The plant’s innate disease resistance responses involves the: Cell wall & cuticle preventing water loss and act as a physical barrier to prevent pathogens enter leaf. The syllabus, assessment and reporting information and other support materials for the Biology course. However, they are not longer supplied in the USA as the circulating virus is now resistant to those antiviral drugs. However, the incidence of diarrhoea decrease. By definition, Quarantine can be defined as the act of of individual(s) or species that may potentially be infected from exposure to an infectious pathgeon (e.g. Rather, you should say the specific name of the T cell that you are talking about, for example, ‘Helper T cells are activated’ or ‘Cytotoxic T cells are activated’. This only occurs when the plant identified and recognises a specific antigen. Don’t forget to check out our break down guide to Module 7: Infectious Disease here if you need a quick recap of the module! The recommended antiviral by global public health agencies supplied to consumers to treat, prevent and control Influenza are Oseltamivir and Zanamivir. HSC 2017, Q25 Chopping boards and other tools used in the preparation of food should be washed in the same manner (using detergent & hot water) before using them to prepare different categories of food to prevent cross contamination. We recommend that you use these practice questions to either: Access our library of HSC Physics Module 8 Exam Questions. Recycling or proper disposal of discarded containers and tyres. Well, the pathogen contained in the vaccines will be the one causing the disease in which the individual want to develop immunity to. Phagocytosis is useful because when the antigen is engulfed by the phagocyte (e.g. When all the antigen has been destroyed, suppressor T cells are responsible to bind with matching antigen with its surface receptor protein in order to suppress B lymphocytes and cytotoxic T cells and other T cells that recognises the same antigen. Remember that there are many ways which Helper T cells can be activated by antigen. When the host organism is exposed to the same antigen again (perhaps could to due to exposure to the same pathogen), these memory T cells will have the same surface receptor protein that activated the Helper T cells the first time that produced the memory T cells. What's new. These procedures prevent individuals having pathogens in their hood due to restaurant workers not following standardised procedures. These pathogens can secrete effector molecules. Module 7 has been updated to have a focus on infectious diseases like influenza, Staph infections and many others.. Keep reading to get a breakdown of some changes to the syllabus/module, an outline of the topics and some tips and tricks so you can ACE Biology!. Plant Quarantine: Similarly, live plants or fruits that cross the Australian border are also subjected to quarantine for the same reason. Instant feedback provides immediate adjustments on your misconceptions. For humans, the second line of defence deal only physiological adaptations of the organism. The physical barriers constituting to the first line of defence in animals (such as humans) include: The chemical barriers that makes up the first line of defence are: Body secretions – urine, lysozymes, saliva. If necessary, you can revise them at: https://www.conquerhsc.com/hsc-biology-syllabus-notes-module-7-infectious-disease/. ... (module 7) in this Aurora College recording. Similar to antibiotic resistance, viruses can also develop resistance to antiviral drugs. – 2 – The first HSC examination for the new Biology Stage 6 syllabus will be held in 2019. So, essentially, the lymph nodes in the lymph system facilitate the lymphocytes to bind with antigen and initiate an adaptive immune response. This rate may differ when measured across different time periods as even distribution is assumed, thus, the formula assumes constant rate. This means that the amount of viral particles that are reproduced is reduced. The Assessment and Reporting in Biology Stage 6 document provides the Biology HSC examination specifications. So, we will not delve into that. T lymphocytes have a surface receptor protein that can recognise a specific antigen. There are two types of antigens being exogenous and endogenous. Tears also contain lysozymes that allow us to flush off any pathogens on the surface of our eye (cornea). For example: Installation of a reliable piped water supply to communities, including household connections. 20 Interactive activities. For instance: They will secrete cytokines to activate more Helper T cells with the same surface receptor protein that’s specific to the antigen. The questions consist of exam-style questions on the four modules: Module 5: Equilibrium and Acid Reactions; Module 6: Acid / Base Reactions; Module 7: Organic Chemistry; Module 8: Applying Chemical Ideas . Herbal, saltwater, etc) vs pharmaceutical drugs to treat Influenza. A model of enzyme activity is shown. The antiviral did not cut down the amount of people that required hospitalisation. As the chemical structure of the antigen has been largely altered due to the action of enzymes in lysosome, the decomposed matter of antigen is not toxic or harmful to the host’s cells. In general-induced immunity, it involves pattern recognition receptors that are present on plants’ cell wall which are able to recognise microbe-associated molecule patterns. Since water is necessary for survival, it is important ensure that the water consumed is free of pathogens prior to consumption to prevent and control the spread of disease such as cholera. Module 7 Lab Journal Questions Nutrition Use the information on the FDA’s interactive Nutrition Facts Label and the menu you created to answer the questions below. However, fortunately, only approximately 5% are experiencing the symptoms. We will explore more about lymphocytes when we examine the third line of defence. pathogen). The phagocyte can then present this antigen to cells (lymphocytes) that make up the 3rd line of defence and activate lymphocytes. There are also many ethical issues that are surrounding the topic of genetic engineering that we have explored in Module 6. When the pattern recognition receptor recognises the microbial pattern (i.e. This is done by smashing the Grey Mangroves’s leaves and adding water to create a mixture that is a base which can be applied to the wound caused by the stingray. The Biology examination specifications can be found in the Assessment and Reporting in Biology Stage 6 document. control, disease. It was identified that Broad Street Pump was responsible for the disease. Content 1 Content 2 Content 3 Content 4 Content 5. Therefore, phagocytes will only operate or engulf matter that are foreign to the body. For such reason, it has a very sour taste due to the high concentration of acid. Remember that our blood contains red blood cells which are red in colour. Combinations of these alleles result in three forms of the disease as shown in the following table. Phagocytes assist the 3rd line of defence as the phagocyte that engulfed the antigen will move & display some of the antigen on its surface. The chemistry behind is that the yellow ochre is basic and thus can react and neutralise with any excess hydrochloric acid in the stomach. The destruction of the cell wall makes the bacteria susceptible to bursting due to osmotic pressure differences between external environment and bacteria’s internal environment. There are two types of phagocytes, these being neutrophils and macrophages. This allows and encourages easy disposal of waste conveniently. NOTE: Immunity will only occur if the vaccine has high efficacy (ability to produce desired result) or is highly effective against the pathogen. In such cases, polystyrene can be poured into the pits to prevent them becoming establishment of mosquitoes breeding site. Therefore, the camp could have sugar (e.g. These plasma cells is responsible for producing antibodies that has a surface receptor protein that capable of binding to the antigen that was activated the Helper T cell that ultimately gave rose to the the antibodies via B cell activation. the production of antibodies to destroy the antigens) and innate immune response (e.g. Therefore, the protection of intellectual property of the Aboriginal people is one that involves moral, ethical, legal (e.g. New posts New resources New profile posts Latest activity. T cells are also stored in lymphatic tissues in the spleen, thymus, tonsils and liver. Some of these questions are general questions and others are specific to form. NOTE: Varying properties of cell wall and cuticle can be acquired via adaptation. Beta thalassemia is an inherited blood disorder that reduces the body’s production of haemoglobin. Now that we have covered the basis of antigens which will become useful when we explore the second and third line of defence, we can start exploring the first line of defence. There should be one toilet cubicle or facilitate per every 20 individual and they should be separated according to gender. Vaccines are essentially pathogens that are either weakened or dead, resulting it to be harmless. About Us. Well, those can all lower the efficacy of the vaccine. There are also many educational campaigns that are announced and run by non-profit-organisations such as the SunSmart program that is funded by Cancer Council Victoria and VicHealth. Although you cannot memorise a response for this module, you can practice answering different types of questions to become more confident in your writing. For example, in Module 6, we have talked about how Bt Corn and Bt Cotton are transgenic crops are capable of manufacturing insecticide that kills pests that it makes contact with that may be carrying a pathogen. Incidence Rate = New instance of disease in population / Duration or period of time in which individuals in population is at risk of getting disease. NOTE: We have talked about the nature of complement proteins in the 2nd line of defence. However, these documentations are not reflective of the full collection of flora belonging to the Aboriginal People and, thus, many biotechnological companies are granted rights to indigenous plants. For example, the Plant Breeders Rights Act 1994, allows Aboriginal People to have a permanent right oppose the production or sale of the plant (including seeds) that belongs to the Aboriginal People through historical document of discovery. As, from the above case study, there are mixed results for Oseltamivir and Zanamivir in controlling the disease. Start studying Biology HSC Module 7: Infectious Disease. Mission Statement The Founders Contact Us. We will make a prettier flowchart soon! Let’s take a look at some specific examples used in Ebola Treatment Centres: Isolation Camp or Treatment Centre organisation. Yes! Again, these plasma and memory B cells also have surface antibody proteins that are specific to the antigen which the Helper T cell was activated by. This therefore prevents infection from the pathogen. Module 8. The final layer is made up of fibre cells to consolidate and envelope the structure. That is, we should wash our hands using hand wash + water prior to handling food. Moreover, cytokine molecules have the function to increase the rate at which macrophages is able to phagocytose antigens as well as enhancing the inflammation response (2nd line of defence). This disease is a metabolic disorder leading to damage dealt to nerve cells in body. Home. Year 12 HSC Biology Practice Questions: Module 5: Heredity Module 6: Genetic Change Module 7: Infectious Disease Module 8: Non-Infectious Disease and Disorders HSC Biology Module 1: Cells as the Basis of Life Question 1. Notes & Resources. Urine that produced from the kidney passes through the walls of the ureter and bladder. At the end, the purpose of environmental management in controlling vectors carrying pathogens is to keep the vectors’ level at an amount that is capable of causing an epidemic. Most of the context of the workshop will be built around Module 5 and the Working Scientifically skills. If this occurs, the B cell, bounded to the antigen, will travel and present the antigen to a Helper T cell. specialised white blood cells) that is responsible for phagocytosis. When Helper T cells are activated, it will clone and differentiate sub-types of Helper T cells that differ in the cytokines that they produce. This is very effective as studies have shown such use of polystyrene reduced the mosquito population by over 95% after using such polymer (polystyrene). Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples consumed the Davidson plum as way to boost their body’s nutrient level which reduced their chance of having scurvy disease. Well, the specific response of potato plant is that their pattern recognition receptors can recognise beta-glucans that is present on the phytophthora infestans’ (fungi) cell wall. Pesticides are chemicals and a broad term that encompass insecticides, fungicides and herbicides. Management of plants close to homes that collect water in the leaf axils. Now, you may ask what Memory B cells does? If the Helper T cell, which the B cell presented the antigen to, has matching surface receptor protein to the antigen, it will become activated. These are tiny-like structures that are located along the respiratory tract. A model of enzyme activity is shown. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. These phagocytes will move into the lymph (fluid) whereby they will encounter lymphocytes stored in the lymph node. These two methods can prevent individuals come being infected with pathogen and contracting the disease. Year 12 HSC Biology Practice Questions: Module 5: Heredity Module 6: Genetic Change Module 7: Infectious Disease Module 8: Non-Infectious Disease and Disorders HSC Biology Module 1: Cells as the Basis of Life Question 1. In short, the effectiveness of the antibiotic was only short-term due to rapid increase in antibiotic resistance by the pathogen Mycobacterium tuberculosis responsible for Tuberculosis. NOTE: Morbidity rate refers to the occurrence of the disease which includes both incidence and prevalence rates. Out of these factors, shelter would probably be the most important as it offers the affected people protection from changing climatic conditions such as heavy rain, thunderstorms, etc.