Despite these constraints yams are an important food security crop and have thus continued to attract a modest amount of research and development. There are reports of the use of the non-detoxified plant in suicide, hunting, and for criminal and ritual poisoning [154]. True yam: Rough and scaly skin, starchy, very low in beta-caretene. The underground tubers can grow very large over time; adequate size pots should be provided. Only 6 pots to maintain - at home. D. doryophora Hance, a Taiwanese species whose tuber possesses high quality and higher quantity of the active component, is being wildly propagated by farmers in Taiwan (Huang et al., 1993). Slow down or withheld water when the tuber is dormant in summer (after shedding its leaves). Collection of Dioscorea, clover, sage, tsmina and hawthorn treat cataract, myopia and hyperopia, but only in the early stages. In addition, the ethanol extract of bark of D. batatas was identified to confer anti-inflammatory bioactivity through inhibition of iNOS and COX-2 expression in RAW 264.7 cells, apparently via NF-κB and ERK1/2 inactivation (Jin et al., 2010). Yams are generally quite problem free. Cultivation of the sapogenin-bearing Dioscorea species Item Preview remove-circle Share or Embed This Item. Dioscorea villosa (wild yam, colic-root): This native American yam is not edible, but contains several compounds of medical interests. Dioscorea Dioscorea deltoidea 5. Dioscorin also can act as a TLR4 activator and induce macrophage activation via the typical TLR4-signalling pathways via stimulation of multiple signalling molecules (NF-κB, ERK, JNK and p38) and induction of the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6) (Fu et al., 2006). Detoxification of the tubers involves placing them in running water for a few days, soaking in salt water, boiling for several hours and then squeezing out the juice, or roasting to detoxify them [23]. Several active components in tubers of D. batatas have been shown to exhibit immunomodulatory activities (Oh and Lim, 2009; Su et al., 2011b). About 25% of yam fresh weight is starch, mainly in the form of amylopectin. Plant in fertile, well-drained soil, in full sun or partial shade. It was found that the XRD pattern of extracted starch is the same throughout the growth period of D. rotundata. Figure 11.1. The vine vegetatively reproduces by bearing small tubers (bulbils) in the leaf axils that can be planted immediately. More than 50 compounds of steroidal saponins from plants of Dioscorea L. have been isolated (Tang et al., 2007). BPI chromatograms of LW, SB, and SX samples for reproducibility. It has also been reported as escaping cultivation in parts of the Midwest. Cultivation Dioscorea elephantipes is an easy to grow caudiciform, as long as you follow certain guidelines. collection and the last two figures denote the year of collection. Adapted from Wu, C.L., Lee, C.L., Pan, T.M., 2009. Secondary dispersal likely also occurred through human collection … It prevents the development of fibroids. The West African yellow yam (Dioscorea cayenensis) gets its color from the presence of carotenoids, and it is a good source of vitamin A. Dioscorea esculenta, grown on the Indian subcontinent, in southern Vietnam, and in the South Pacific islands, is one of the most nutritious yams. True yams include hundreds of mostly tropical, fast growing, climbing or crawling vines with attractive heart-shaped leaves, usually with large or even gigantic roots that is some species continue to grow and increase in size for years. Perez-Rea et al. Yuan and Zhang (2007) obtained C pattern for starch from Dioscorea nipponica while Hoover (2001) and Sahore et al. Dioscorea can reduce the risk of cancer in a woman. Alpha amylase is added, and after gelatinization and liquefaction at … Red mold dioscorea has a greater antihypertensive effect than traditional red mold rice in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Medicinal Dioscorea (Dioscorea floribunda Mart and Gal.) Bulbils float in water and can be dispersed in floods. DsCE-II efficacy level for bone marrow cell restoration was ∼ 85% of that obtained by a subcutaneous administration of recombinant G-CSF proteins (5 μg/kg) in mice tested in parallel, suggesting that the DsCE-II fraction of D. batatas extract may be useful for further development as a dietary supplement for use alongside chemotherapy during cancer treatment (Su et al., 2011b). A callus is subsequently cut from the explant and subcultured further. True yams are the third most important tropical root crop after cassava and sweet potatoes. Exposure: It prefers light shade, but keep the caudex in the shade. Six crude drugs: R. Rehmanniae preparata, R. Dioscoreae Oppositae, F. Macrocarpii, Poria, R. Alismatis, and C. Moutan Radicis, were purchased from the Harbin Tongrentang Drugstore, and were authenticated by Prof. Xijun Wang of the Department of Pharmacognosy, at the Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine. For example, A 10 72 is alata cultivar No.1 0 collected in 1972. Yam (Dioscorea spp.) Today, even supermarkets and canners often label orange sweet potatoes as yams. The Garden wouldn't be the Garden without our Members, Donors and Volunteers. sions present in the Pacific germplasm collection at SPC-CePaCT, Fiji, were tested for the presence of badnaviruses using a combination of rolling circle amplification (RCA) and sequencing. Dioscorea alata Linnaeus 1753 (Purple Yam, Winged Yam) is the most widely distributed cultivated yam in Africa, SE Asia, Polynesia and W. Indies, although grown in smaller quantities than the African Yam D. cayenensis. Nigeria is by far the largest producer of yam (44 Mt) followed by Ghana (7 Mt) and Ivory Coast (6 Mt). Dioscorea elephantipes will live for approx. American Libraries. Sep 4, 2020 - Explore Patty Newman's board "dioscorea elephantipes" on Pinterest. Dioscorea alata, also known as purple yam, ube, or greater yam, among many other names, is a species of yam (a tuber).The tubers are usually a vivid violet-purple to bright lavender in color (hence the common name), but some range in color from cream to plain white. Diosgenin content as high as 3.3% per gram dry weight was obtained in microtuber-derived cell suspension culture compared to the stem node-derived callus cell suspension, which contained only 0.3% diosgenin (Table VI). Finally the filtrate was combined, and the solvents were recycled. A quick comparison of the two is as follows: Characteristics: 367 posts Page 20 of 25. The explants are placed on different solid growth media; in successful media, callus tissue will appear on the explants in the course of 2–6 weeks. Other articles where Black bryony is discussed: Dioscoreaceae: Black bryony (Tamus communis) is a European perennial … Saccharification proceeds under 0.3 MPa to DE 90–95.2817 In another procedure, pulp of Diascorea sativa was gelatinized at 90 °C with alpha amylase, saccharified with α-amyloglucosidase, and then fermented with yeast.2818, L. Zhou, ... Y. Peng, in Encyclopedia of Agriculture and Food Systems, 2014. Global production of yam has been steadily increasing over the past fifty years and yield improvements have also been noted. Dioscorea polystachya (cinnamon vine, Chinese yam): This white fleshed edible tuber of good flavor has a hardiness rating of Zones 5 to 10, and will remain alive in the ground overwinter, sending up handsome tall twining shoots in the spring. Rained cultivation in India is widely … D. Preparation of Film . Dioscoriaceae. The high mucilage content of Dioscorea esculenta makes it an excellent demulcent that can be used for many applications. The vines reaches 2 m and grows rapidly during the growing season ( from Autumn to Spring) but usually dies back in the summer, leaving the caudex to survive the hot, dry season. THP-1 cells were cultured in RPMI-1640 medium (Hyclone; GE Healthcare), containing 10% FBS (Zhejiang Tianhang Biotechnology Co., Ltd.). When first harvested, the dormant tubers are stored at 15–16 °C and 70% RH. Dioscorea is a principal raw material used in the manufacture of birth-control pills. Dioscorea is the largest genus of the family, comprising approximately 600 species (Pedralli, 2002), of which 10 species (D. cayenensis Dioscorea belongs to the family Dioscoreaceae, which are abundant in nature and distributed widely in the tropics. Recently, we have also obtained results indicating that DsCE-I may be employed as an adjuvant for gene-based or protein subunit cancer vaccines (Yang et al., 2011). is a multi-species, clonally propagated crop cultivated for its starchy tubers. In addition, Dioscorea glycoproteins significantly increased the trafficking of macrophages, lymphocytes, neutrophils and monocytes into the peritoneal cavity (Huong et al., 2011). 5), with a well-identified structure of 6-hydroxy-2,4,7-trimethoxyphenanthrene, was shown to inhibit the generation of prostaglandin D2 and leukotriene C4 and degranulation activity in mouse bone marrow-derived mast cells (Lu et al., 2011c). Xijun Wang, ... Hui Sun, in Chinmedomics, 2015. Research focuses on the effects of oral administration of a small amount of RMD fermented by M. purpureus NTU 568 for hypertensive rats on systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, heart rate, and aorta thin section. An approximately similar level of diosgenin was obtained in field grown and in vitro grown tubers (Chen, 1985; Table V). Finally, dispersed cell suspension cultures were obtained from both microtuber- and stem node-derived callus in liquid culture medium supplemented with 2,4-D (0.1 mg/l) and sucrose (3%) by incubation on a rotator shaker at 120 rpm. 5. Check local laws before adding these plants to your garden. HOW TO GROW YAM. Dioscorea esculenta is species of yam belong to family of Dioscoreaceae known as Siruvallikilangu in tamil vernacular. Of these, 35 tested positive for either Dioscorea bacilliform AL virus (DBALV) or Dioscorea bacilliform AL virus 2 (DBALV2). The rhizomes have a high content of diosgenin, which is approximately 8% on dry basis (Li and Ni, 2011). PROBLEMS OF YAM PRODUCTION IN OUR COMMUNITY. The species is dioecious (individual flowers are either male or … Callus tissue in D. doryophora was induced from the surface of both microtuber and stem node. comprising 53 landraces and seven improved cultivars of four species (D. alata L., D. cayenensis Lam., D. dumetorum (Kunth) and D. rotundata Poir.) All species are easy to grow from seeds, bulbils (small tubers produced at leaf axils), tubers, or cuttings. Cultivation and Propagation: Dioscorea sylvatica responds well to cultivation and makes an easy and wonderfully unusual houseplant. THP‑1 cells were cultured in RPMI‑1640 medium (Hyclone; GE Healthcare), containing 10% FBS (Zhejiang Tianhang Biotechnology Co., Ltd.). These vines can reach 3 meters high. 2005). Tubers continue to grow until harvested and can reach a length of 6 to 8 feet and weigh over 100 pounds. Microscopic examination (100× and 400×) of aorta thin section on experimental SHRs: (a) control group, (b) d-1X group, (c) GABA-1X group, (d) RMR-1X group, (e) RMD-0.5X group, (f) RMD-1X group, and (g) RMD-5X group. Thyroxine tablets were purchased from Shanghai Industrial United Holdings Great Wall Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd (Shanghai, China); reserpine injections were purchased from Guangdong Bangmin Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd (Guangdong, China). However, Americans call their sweet potatoes (Ipomoea batatas) yams. Invasive exotic plants are weeds that alter ... On a larger scale, coordinated bulbil collection events, such as the city of Gainesville’s Air Potato Roundup, have ... Dioscorea bulbifera leaf damage by the air potato leaf beetle, Lilioceris cheni. Some have escaped cultivation to become quite invasive in certain areas. 64 doi: 10.33495/jacr Farming system and cultivation constraints in African yam Dioscorea dumetorum (Pax, Kunth) production in Benin Fabienne Adétola Adigoun1 • Hubert Adoukonou-Sagbadja1* • David Montcho1, 2 • Fiacre The mucopolysaccharide in D. batatas can significantly increase IFN-γ production in treated splenocytes, suggesting that it may induce cell-mediated immune responses (Choi et al., 2004). A plant cell suspension culture is a sterile (closed) system normally initiated by aseptically placing friable callus fragments into a suitable sterile liquid medium (Dixon and Paiva, 1995). Alpha amylase is added, and after gelatinization and liquefaction at 90–93 °C, filtration and vacuum concentration to 30–35%, the pH is brought to 1.2–1.8 with hydrochloric acid. and Cymbopogonspp., high fertility soil and liberal irrigation will be necessary for successful growth of plantation. Dioscorea rotundata (white guinea yam - common in Nigeria), Dioscorea alata (yellow yam - common in Nigeria) ... Climatic and soil requirements for Yam Cultivation : Yam requires a temperature of 25C – … Waterings: It needs moderate to regular water. Yams are perennial herbaceous vines cultivated for the consumption of their … The diosgenin contents were analysed from the different plant parts (leaf, node, root, seed and stem) and higher level of diosgenin was obtained from the root (Table V). Dioscorea species can grow rapidly once established, up to 6 inches per day, so are heavy feeders. Cell culture and drug treatments. 70 years in cultivation, if it is looked after. Dioscorea cayenensis, one of the cultivated tropical species of Dioscorea, is an important staple in Africa, with 2500 cultivars developed. Sushim Kumar Gupta, ... Hsin-Sheng Tsay, in Advances in Botanical Research, 2012. Yams (Dioscorea spp.) The physicochemical properties (granule size and morphology, amylose content, crystal form and gelatinisation and pasting behaviour) of isolated starch have been shown to depend strongly on the Dioscorea species (Farhat et al., 1999). These glycoproteins also can stimulate specific immune system functions, including macrophage activation via increasing the expression levels of iNOS, IL-1β and TNF-α (Huong et al., 2011). Dioscorea species, popularly known as Yam worldwide and as Ban Aalu in Odisha, India, is a prime staple medicinal-food substitute for the majority of rural and tribal people of the state of India. (Dioscorea spp.) These are edible and potato like in flavor. These phytochemicals include mucopolysaccharide, dioscorin, diosgenin (Fig. This may due to RMD containing a higher amount of GABA and the anti-inflammatory yellow pigments monascin and ankaflavin. Batatasin I (Fig. Extensive phytochemical and pharmacological studies have shown that steroidal saponins have biological activities contributing to the efficacy of the herb (Liu et al., 2010). Dioscorea is a genus of over 600 species of flowering plants in the family Dioscoreaceae, native throughout the tropical and warm temperate regions of the world. Further, in addition to significant enhancement of proliferation of T cells and B cells in splenocytes of glycoprotein-treated mice, the non-specific cytolytic activity of NK cells and macrophages was significantly increased (Huong et al., 2011).
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