What is taught in between these ceremonies is designed to help students understand what the oath really means. Ethical choices and dilemmas will occur throughout the professional life of any healthcare worker. Dentistry usually is performed in solo or small group practices where formal groups, such as ethics committees or standard review boards, provide little, if any, institutional oversight. Once a problem has been recognized, the decision maker must clearly and succinctly state the ethical question, but only after considering all pertinent aspects of the problem. 4. Hanover Park, Ill: Quintessence Publishing Inc; 2004. The dentist is not in the office while the newly graduated dental hygienist is still treating patients, which is in violation of the state’s dental practice act. A number of models are presented in ethics literature, all of which are somewhat similar in design and content.2 The goal of each is to provide a framework for making the best decision in a particular situation. Utilize reflective judgment in developing a comprehensive patient dental hygiene care plan. Bylaws and Code of Ethics. Identify the Ethical Dilemma or Problem. Identify the problem. Dental hygienists face ethical dilemmas and perhaps even legal issues throughout their careers, but a strong educational foundation in ethics and ethical decision-making can help guide their actions and behaviors. When working through each step, other factors to consider are the professional code of ethics; advice from superiors, peers, and role models; and previous personal experience. She also understands that the patient is trying to comply and is concerned he would be upset if she mentioned that his periodontal status was declining. Berk NW. National Board Dental Hygiene Examination 2017 Guide. The behavior of the dentist does not change. ... -Based on the patient exercising autonomy in decision making-ethical and legal implications requires professionals to provide relevent facts and allows patients to make decisions based on those facts. Throughout their professional career in any practice setting, a dental hygienist is expected to understand and adhere to the ADHA Code of Ethics.”5, Lastly, the Commission on Dental Accreditation (CODA)—the agency that establishes and applies standards to ensure quality in dental-related education—states in Standard 2-19, “Graduates must be competent in the application of the principles of ethical reasoning, ethical decision making, and professional responsibility, as they pertain to the academic environment, research, patient care, and practice management. Be vocal with your team members on what is important to you for treating patients properly. Using the following decision-making steps may appear simplistic, but it can be extremely useful in solving ethical dilemmas. The seriousness of the cons must then be weighed by the clinician, remembering that, as a professional, he or she is obliged to put the patient’s interests first. Jong A, Heine CS. Ethics in Dental Hygiene Emily Boge CDA, RDH, MPA 1 CEU. The first core value involves autonomy, in which patients have the right to full disclosure of relevant information so they can make informed choices about their care. Ethical Decision Making in Dental Hygiene EVOLUTION OF ETHICS EDUCATION. A dental hygienist is hired at a private practice immediately upon graduation from his dental hygiene program. a. true. She is also a Dimensions of Dental Hygiene Editorial Advisory Board member. Kacerik et al7 concluded that traditional methods of instruction were primarily used and real-life experiences should be emphasized to a greater degree. After a few weeks of working in the office, the dental hygienist observes that the dentist leaves early upon completion of her own scheduled appointments and after finishing all hygiene exams. Description. The objectives of this code are to:1, The ADHA published a second document, Standards for Clinical Dental Hygiene Practice, which was also revised in 2016. The process of decision-making is dynamic, evolving as additional information comes to light. Act on the decision. American Dental Hygienists’ Association. Blue CM. Ethics in dental hygiene Dental hygienists will face ethical dilemmas at some point in their careers. The author concluded the changes made in the curriculum were effective.11, Not only did dental hygiene curricula change as a result of the importance of ethics education, a category of “Professional Responsibility” was added to the National Board Dental Hygiene Examination (NBDHE) in 2005. The topic of ethics is engrained in dental hygiene students from matriculation through graduation. Specific objectives of the Dental Hygiene Code of Ethics are: To increase our professional and ethical consciousness and sense of ethical responsibility. After reading this course, the participant should be able to: Within the discipline of philosophy, ethics is the branch that focuses on morality. We'll assume you're ok with this, but you can opt-out if you wish. This is the first and most critical step in the process. Start studying Chapter 06: Ethical Decision Making in Dental Hygiene and Dentistry. The ADHA maintains a Code of Ethics for Dental Hygienists that was revised and re-adopted in June 2016.1 This document specifically delineates its purpose, key concepts, basic beliefs, fundamental principles, core values, and standards of professional responsibility. Washington, DC; Georgetown Press; 2002. Increase dental hygienists’ professional and ethical consciousness and sense of ethical responsibility. Each option must then be considered in turn, with attention to how many pros and cons would attend each decision. Minimally Ethical. Accessed April 18, 2017. The respondents felt that dental hygienists had a strong duty to report, intercede, or educate in areas of abuse, sexual harassment, detection of cancer, and smoking cessation. Accessed April 18, 2017. Click here for our refund/cancellation policy. Table 1 presents the application of each theory to an ethical dilemma in dental hygiene practice. He could continue to work in the office and treat patients even when the dentist leaves. Perspectives on the Midlevel Practitioner, Esther Wilkins Lifetime Achievement Award. •to lead us to recognize ethical issues and choices and to guide us in making more informed ethical decisions. Case Studies in Dental Hygiene, Third Edition, is designed to guide the development of criti-cal-thinking skills and the application of theory to care at all levels of dental hygiene education–from beginning to advanced students. Principle of Autonomy Respect for Life Respect for People Paternalism Confidentiality Informed Consent, Principle of Veracity Truthtelling Honesty, Principle of Justice Rightness Equity, Fairness. Personal ethics often overlap with professional ethics. She is an associate director in the Center for Ethics in Health Care at OHSU and co-chairs the A number of models are presented in ethics literature, all of which are somewhat similar in design and content.2 The goal of each is to provide a framework for making the best decision in a particular situation. Fortunately, this six-step model can provide structure and guide dental clinicians when faced with ethical dilemmas and tough decisions. Accessed April 18, 2017. A dental hygienist may be faced with a variety of ethical issues and moral dilemmas. While dental hygienists make decisions every day, ethical decision making can be more complex. Ethical Decision Making in Dental Hygiene. In this particular state, dental hygienists are required to have at least 1 year of experience before becoming eligible to treat patients under general supervision. Before implementing the decision, the practitioner should replay each principle against the decision to determine if the decision holds up to this evaluation. Your email address will not be published. As professionals, we need be familiar with the code of ethics to help guide our behavior. List and describe the six-step ethical decision-making model. Jong8 and Heine determined that ethics was taught mainly using a lecture format, but that many programs were combining lecture with more active forms of learning, such as the use of ethical dilemmas. They demonstrate how clinicians can work through the six decision-making steps. Accessed April 18, 2017. Most models use principle-based reasoning, an approach derived from the work of philosophers Beauchamp and Childress.3 Registration confirmation will be emailed to you. Whatever the outcome, the dental hygienist reflected on the core values used in the decision-making steps and knows she “did the right thing.”. Accept If the dental hygienist advocates the good of the patient in such situations, his or her employment may be in jeopardy, and this could cause moral distress. List and define the American Dental Hygienists’ Association’s core values. To increase our professional and ethical consciousness and sense of ethical responsibility. Figure 1 presents the steps leading to a decision for each theory. Dental hygienists are confronted with many questions to consider, and they mist filter out their own values and beliefs to eliminate bias … Refer to the American Dental Hygienists’ Association Code of Ethics for Dental Hygienists for guidance. ADA CERP is a service of the American Dental Association to assist dental professionals in identifying quality providers of continuing dental education. The formal continuing education programs of this program provider are accepted by the AGD for Fellowship/Mastership and membership maintenance credit. Ethical decision-making models provide a suggested mechanism or tool for critical thinking and resolution of ethical dilemmas. When tough decisions need to be made on behalf of our patients, we need the tools to do it. Available at: amnhealthcare.com/latest-healthcare-news/five-top-ethical-issues-healthcare/. Because dental hygienists are health care professionals, they have a professional responsibility to practice in an ethical manner. The dental hygiene profession is taught a code of ethics. Gather the facts. The dental hygienist is torn between informing the patient of his periodontal status and potentially upsetting him by recommending more advanced periodontal therapy. He does not want to jeopardize the patient’s care in any manner (nonmaleficence). Consider the effects of being fined and losing your license. There is also a tendency to think that a question has only one answer. Writing out the thinking behind each step enables the clinician to review the document during the ethical decision-making process. 6: Ethical Decision Making in DH and Dentistry. The patient reports he had a traumatic experience with the previous dentist and periodontist. The standards state, “Dental hygienists are responsible and accountable for their dental hygiene practice, conduct, and decision making. The evaluation process involved in resolving an ethical dilemma is not unlike that which occurs when practitioners are faced with a clinical or scientific problem: careful attention to and systematic analysis of the evidence, facts, and details will help health care providers reach appropriate decisions. Ethical Decision Making in Dental Hygiene May 1, 2017 Clinicians face ethical dilemmas throughout their careers, but a strong educational foundation in ethics and … Professional conduct stipulates that ethical behavior is adhered to, with a mandate to protect the public and build trust for the dental profession. Differentiate between ethics and clinical ethical dilemmas. The decision making steps are as follows: Following is a different type of ethical dilemma regarding employment issues. However, there are some ethical areas that are more common and will be highlighted here. While dental hygienists make decisions every day, ethical decision making can be more complex. PRINCIPLE V: PROFESSIONALISM. Dentists and dental hygienists are confronted with myriad questions to consider, requiring them to factor in the code of ethics and their own values and beliefs before arriving at a decision. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. A dentist usually employs dental hygienists, and this arrangement can place dental hygienists in difficult situations when inappropriate care or unethical practices are observed, especially when the dentist-employer is involved. In 2006, a study was conducted among graduating dental hygiene students to determine their attitudes toward specific ethical dilemmas.10 The findings indicated that many dental hygiene students did not understand their ethical role in addressing behaviors in the practice environment. Dental hygienists are confronted with numerous questions that require them to factor in the code of ethics and their own values and beliefs before arriving at a decision. Learn how your comment data is processed. Ethical dilemmas arise when one or more ethical principles or core values are in conflict.2For example, a patient requests a 12-month recare schedule due to financial difficulties (autonomy), but the dental hygienist believes that 4-month appointments are what the patient needs to improve his oral health (beneficence). APPLYING THE MODEL. Beemsterboer (2001) suggests these attributes to be as follows: Available at: ada.org/ ~/media/JCNDE/pdfs/nbdhe_examinee_guide.pdf?la=en. EDUCATIONAL OBJECTIVES An ethical decision-making model is a tool that can be used by a dental hygienist or any other health care provider to help think through an ethical dilemma and arrive at an ethical decision. Accreditation Standards for Dental Hygiene Education Programs. In addition, he emphasizes if an emergency were to occur or the patient had more questions for the dentist, the dentist needed to be available. State how each alternative will affect the ethical principle or rule by developing a list of pros and cons (Figure 3 worksheet). Lead dental hygienists to recognize ethical issues and choices and to guide them in making more informed ethical decisions. 2nd ed. The dental hygienist could face action by the dental board if the situation came to its attention. Identify the six steps in applying an ethical decision-making model. Dental professionals must deal with ethical dilemmas from time to time. However, they were less likely to report issues such as fraud, inadequate infection control, exceeding practice scope, and failure to diagnose disease when these incidences could potentially affect their employment. Duley SI, Fitzpatrick PG, Zornosa X, Lambert CA, Mitchell A. Scenario #1. He could discontinue the treatment of his patient when he knows the dentist has left the office. 4. Improving the Nonsurgical Treatment of Periodontitis, ADHA Joins AAP in Support of Pediatric Oral Health. A new patient is referred to the dental office by a long-standing patient. Often the best decision is not the first one that comes to mind. Collect Information. Teaching ethics in dental schools: Trends, techniques, and targets. The dental hygienist chooses to speak to the dentist one more time, being more adamant about the legalities of the situation and how he does not want to jeopardize his dental hygiene license. Scenario #2. The goal for these curricula was to develop a commitment by the students to the principles and ideals that are the basis of the profession’s contract with society. 5. We all have different morals and values when it comes to treating patients. Nothing is needed for making ethical decisions in dental hygiene practice except a professional code of ethics a. true b. false. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. Taking no action represents tacit approval of a situation. Gather the facts. The model provided here is a simple, six-step approach derived from the decision-making literature as interpreted by Atchison and Beemsterboer and used in the early 1990s with dental and dental hygiene students in a combined ethics course.4 It is a reasoned approach based on theory and principle. Joint Commission on National Dental Examinations. While a career in dental hygiene is incredibly fulfilling, it is not without challenges. Under “cons,” state how an alternative could violate the principle or value. Accessed April 18, 2017. When each alternative has been clearly outlined in terms of pros and cons, you have a reasonable framework to reference in making a decision.
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