hybrid bread wheat, many garden flowers such as tulips and daffodils – produced asexually by bulbs, The same enzymes cut out a corresponding section of a bacterial, The gene is mixed with the modified plasmid, the “, The plasmid is returned to the bacterium, which. HSC English Advanced Module A: Texts in Time (Blade Runner and Frankenstein) Term 1 – Week 1 T: (02) 8007 6824 E: info@duxcollege.com.au W: www.duxcollege.com.au DUX This can be a case of trisomy 21 as a result of non-disjunction in meiosis which is most common, or the translocation of part of a chromosome 21 onto another chromosome, typically 14 or 15. BT cotton). Therefore, analysis of genes can both verify and revolutionize ideas of evolutionary relationships, previously based only on structural characteristics. This process was used to make bread, wine and cheese. Animals either use: i) Sexual reproduction. They could also resist drought. Available now . Genetic Variation. On fertilisation, two haploid cells unite to form a zygote with the diploid number (23 + 23 = 46). The human number 2 chromosome is long, but chromosomes 12 and 13 in the chimpanzee, chromosomes 12 and 11 in the gorilla and chromosomes 12 and 11 in the orangutan are small. Heredity. Year 12 Biology Sign up now $99 / year. These cannot be passed on by reproduction and therefore affect only the individual, not the species. GM crops involves selecting favourable traits and breeding them →fewer crop varieties → decreases gene pool. Transposable genetic elements (also called transposons) are sections of DNA that are not fixed and can move around among chromosomes. coat colour in mice (brown, agouti, grey, albino), eye colour in fruit flies, leaf patterns in white clover plants (7 alleles for patterns on leaves, giving 22 possible phenotypes), fur colour in rabbits (4 alleles: agouti>chinchilla>Himalayan>albino). – Gene cloning = determine effect of environment on gene expression, examine mutations that lead to disease and understand the function of a gene e.g. They produce proteins that bind to DNA and switch genes on and off. The new wheats included varieties known as Bob’s, Florence and Federation. Base analogues: chemicals that replace bases → DNA does not have correct base sequence and cannot function. PCR allows 100 billion copies of a DNA section to be produced in a few hours. A protein produced by one gene can also turn another off. Content 1 Content 2 Content 3 Content 4. However, the lungs have a large surface area and are designed to prevent the entry of foreign bodies, so delivery is difficult. Gene regulation may also take place by shortening the life of the mRNA so that protein synthesis is stopped by removal of the protective caps. Currently the biggest problem is delivery of the gene. These may be required for DNA fingerprinting, producing transgenic species, gene therapy, locating the position of a gene on a chromosome or for producing chemicals such as human insulin. NESA | NSW Education Standards Authority. E.g. NOTE IVF is not artificial insemination since the egg is fertilised outside the body. The base of the limb is developed before the tips. This increases viable yield and protects the cotton industry, as previously the pest destroyed hundreds of millions of dollars’ worth of cotton each year. Mutations in germ line cells contribute to the species’ gene pool and can influence whole populations and their evolution. Remove single set of chromosomes from egg cell → insert nucleus of body cell from organism being cloned (body cells contain 2 sets of chromosomes) → egg cell divides → embryo placed into surrogate mother. Module … How to use HSC Study Lab in your classroom; Contact us ; 0. Recombinant DNA technology allows up to 1 billion copies of a gene to be made in 24 hours. mutation in the extracellular domain of the RHD protein or mutation in the transmembrane of cytoplasmic domains that affects membrane integration. The single strands from each organism are mixed and allowed to bind where the bases match. E.g. Frozen sperm stored indefinitely and transported anywhere. When the bacterial cell reproduces, many copies of the plasmid and hence the human insulin gene are produced. Phenotypic and genotypic ratios are 1:1:1:1, as all genotypes and phenotypes have equal chance of occurring. The Ultimate Guide to HSC Biology Module 6: Genetic Change by Art of Smart Genetic Change is a topic new to the HSC Biology syllabus. For example, analysis of the chimpanzee and human genomes reveal a very close evolutionary relationship. Restriction enzymes are used to cut the DNA sample at specific points. Introduction to Cells Print the following before beginning this module: printable crossword puzzle for the vocabulary words in Module 6 printable flashcards for Module 6 of Exploring Creation with Biology Printable Lab Report (click on left image) Venn Diagram ***** Day 1: Introduction, Cellular Functions and Cytology Read: pgs. Copyright © Dux College Pty Ltd. All Rights Reserved | Privacy Policy, We are currently conducting in-person teaching at our centres, as well as online classes. Uses restriction enzymes, ligases and vectors. Our HSC Year 12 Biology Notes contain the most effective summary of all four modules in the new syllabus. This gene is inserted into a plasmid and then a bacterial cell for cloning. The DNA polymerase copies the DNA strands, starting at the primers. This is because there are four possible gametes: BG, Bg, bG and bg. The analysis of similarities and difference genomes supports this fact. The mixture is heated again. Please. transgenic pigs grow very quickly which negatively impacts their joints. Fertilisation: random fusing of genetically recombined gametes during fertilisation increases genetic variation. Other uses: production of human growth hormone, protein that dissolves blood clots (heart conditions), bacteria to break down toxic waste in oil spills, pest resistance in some plants (e.g. A mutagen is a physical factor of chemical substance that causes mutations. Receive study guides, note, exam tips and bits of wisdom from our tutors each month. more common in plants e.g. In the aftermath of the project, the biotechnology industry is able to research the development of new medical applications. In humans, somatic cells contain 46 chromosomes (diploid number = 46) and gametic cells contain 23 chromosomes (haploid number = 23). after the next tRNA comes in, the first one leaves to be reloaded, Different coloured pegs – different bases, Threading objects onto ribbon – covalent bonds. The syllabus, assessment and reporting information and other support materials for the Biology course. Translation of the mRNA can be blocked if specific proteins bind to the mRNA so that it cannot attach to the ribosome. Homeotic genes control the pattern of body formation during early embryonic development. These are found in most animals and control the pattern of body development in the early stages of embryonic development. Adding vast amounts of detail really help to certify the adequacy of your answer to get the marks and a lot of times impresses the marker. The homeobox, a sequence of about 180 bases of homeotic genes regulating embryonic development, contains genes that are homologues. – Breeding animals for higher quality food + improves efficiency of food production. Internal fertilisation: sperm inserted into female body. The normal gene then needs to be transferred into the human patient. ii) Asexual reproduction: Regeneration e.g. Homeotic genes are found in most groups of multicellular animals and show similar DNA sequences, suggesting that these genes evolved from a common ancestor. – Overcomes fertility problems allowing humans to conceive a child. – Xenotransplantation involves transplanting cells between humans to treat diseases e.g. In high school, we understand different alleles to encode for proteins with different functions (like rabbit coat colour). But what do you need to do for these Modules? The nucleus is removed from the udder cell of an adult ewe. Interfere with oncogenes and tumour-suppressor genes. This is an awesome chance for you to dig your teeth into a topic that interests you, and to get a sense of what university level Science is like! A large amount of heat is necessary to separate the strands of DNA of a clone and parent or a clone and another clone of the same parent. Indirect: cause chronic inflammation → causes cancer. These transposons may explain why bacteria develop resistance to antibiotics so rapidly, therefore influencing the bacterial genome. Biology Stage 6: Guide to new NSW Syllabus 5 Features of Biology content pages Content is organised in Years. In 1892, Farrer began working with Frederick Bickell Guthrie, who produced workable models of flourmill and bakery conditions to assess suitable parent wheats for crossbreeding. Year 12 Biology. Inquiry questions provide a focus Before Farrer’s and Guthrie’s varieties were grown, Australia’s wheat industry suffered greatly due to rust fungus. Works great as an AP Biology Test Review: This resource is designed ), we are simplifying genetics in a way that allows it to be communicated clearly and understood easily. At the final conference held in Melbourne in 1896, however, it was reported that the flour millers’ objections to new varieties were unfounded. Physics is “knowledge, the science of nature”, from physics, i.e. insulin, A new organism with an identical genome to that of the parent e.g. Aquatic → terrestrial = external fertilisation → internal fertilisation. The Human Genome Project was completed in 2003, a collaborative project that lasted 13 years. As for the 170 alleles in, for example, the NCBI website, it begs the question whether we really want to define these as separate alleles in the context of the HSC syllabus. Mutation to non-coding RNA in mitochondrial genome → amino acid cannot be added to mitochondrial proteins → reduces effectiveness of cellular respiration → mitochondrial disease. But the native Ankole cattle are becoming threatened due to new competition (Ankole cattle are well-adapted to semi-arid conditions in Africa) → reduces biodiversity. Final Exam Course - aimed at current year 12 sitting their HSC exam in Term 4. ‍ St Ignatius College, Lane Cove, Sydney. HSC Study Notes » Biology Study Notes Find the Study Notes you need. Currently, researchers are trying to get it into the lungs, as this is where most damage occurs. Type of Resources. – Error in DNA = more susceptible to developing cancer. Federation was the result of selections from a cross between the Fife-Indian wheat Yandilla with 14A, a Purple Straw, in 1901. Results from gametes being diploid (not haploid). Heredity study session. Contents. mRNA is modified so that it consist only of the base sequence that will code for the polypeptide (introns cut out, exons kept in). 2. If they are identical, the animal is a clone. By detecting changes in the external environment, humans and other animals are able to respond appropriately. Dr Silvia Rudmann goes over some exam tips and gives advice on how to improve your marks in the HSC Biology exam in this Aurora College recording. Year 11 is an excellent opportunity for students to develop a strong foundation in their conceptual understanding and practical skills. Although there are more than two alleles in a population, only two ever occur in any one individual. We bring Dux College's years of knowledge and experience in bringing students HSC success with the convenience and focused attention of one-on-one home tutoring. The more heat is required to denature it, the greater similarity in bases. Use the following links to bounce between the specific notes that you need. DNA profiling/sequencing (modern biotechnologies): Study/decrease genetic/infectious diseases and providing early detection of diseases. Students appreciate, explore, interpret, analyse and evaluate the ways language is used to shape these representations in a range of texts in a variety of … DNA segments are then transferred to a nylon sheet through southern blotting, and radioactive dyes or coloured probes are added to produce banding patterns characteristic of the DNA fingerprint when exposed to X-rays. Also, linkage maps only provide relative positions of genes on a chromosome, but the HGP aimed to locate absolute locations of genes and provided details of the order of the bases, which linkage maps could not achieve. Evolutionary scientists believe that humans and chimpanzees deviated from a common ancestor 5 to 7 million years ago. Inevitably there will always be single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in any gene within the population. Tissue, bone, muscle, nerves and blood vessels must also develop in the correct order. Another thing is that in the HSC, we don’t generally go into the strength of expression anyway. DNA fingerprinting involves comparing DNA patterns of different fragments of different individuals. Artificial insemination and pollination introduce genes into a population → increases gene pool → increases biodiversity. H2O2 that damage cell structures. sickle-cell anaemia (adenine instead of thymine >> valine instead of glutamic acid). Mutations occurring in these cells can be inherited by offspring of the organism. Assess the significance of ‘coding’ and ‘non-coding’ DNA segments in the process of mutation. These occur when the sequence of bases is changed. This in turn allows the inference of the relative distance between the genes on the chromosome. down syndrome. Blank Family Tree Templates 6 Generation Word Printable Pedigree Chart A Free Printable Family Tree Chart For Four Generations 10 Best of Animal Pedigree Chart Template Free Rabbit Pedigree Template Invitation Template Pedigree Papers Templates Cake Ideas and Designs. 1.1 Causes of Infectious Disease. – Introduce new alleles into a population = natural selection. Direct: carry oncogenes or enhance the cell’s proto-oncogenes → forms tumour → cancer. Identification. Digestion. Copyright © Dux College Pty Ltd. All Rights Reserved | Privacy Policy, We are currently conducting in-person teaching at our centres, as well as online classes. Demonstrates double- and single-stranded chromosomes, Colour-coding of ribbon shows different genes, Different shades of colour show alleles of the same gene, No mechanism for segregation and separation (spindle fibres) during meiosis, Unlikely that only one gene is switched during crossing over as implied by switching ribbon– usually a segment of genes is involved, improve and develop tools for data analysis, address the ethical, legal and social issues that may arise from the project, improved diagnosis of inheritable diseases e.g. Content 1 Content 2 Content 3. Interestingly, the banding patterns between the human number 2 chromosomes and each pair of smaller chromosomes in the other primates are very similar, and humans have fewer chromosomes than these primates. These occur when one base in the DNA is substituted for another. Our extensive library of handy and helpful HSC Modern History resources including past papers with worked solutions, study guides, study notes, essays written by students, assignments and many more, to help you prepare for the HSC. – Insert themselves into the middle of a gene → stops gene functioning. In bacteria, genes within plasmids containing DNA can move between cells. This is a set of HSC Biology dot-point summary notes for the Option Topic – Genetics: The Code Broken. Our notes database has hundreds of notes for VCE, HSC and QCE, up to date to the current syllabus and of fantastic quality - free to download today! The Biology Stage 6 Syllabus explores the diversity of life from a molecular to a biological systems level. Somatic cells are body cells. Myoglobin carries limited oxygen and releases it easily. Many plants and animals for domestic and agricultural purposes have been bred in this way to produce new varieties. Login. Polymerase chain reaction produces many copies of a gene. The selective breeding of wheat has been extremely important to Australia’s economy. The length of each fragment depends on the individual so the segments are sorted by size by a sieving process of electrophoresis in a gel. In this Post, we’ll explore the New Module A: Textual Conversations and give you a detailed breakdown of what the Module requirements are … Content 1 Content 2 Content 3 Content 4 Content 5. Gene homologues are sequences of DNA that are very similar and occur in different organisms. A pprendre les M aths sur I nternet. Tissue culture allows the cloning of plants of the same genetic variety. Recombinant DNA technology removes and inserts genes from viruses into humans as a vaccination. 4. through recombinant DNA technology) and labelled with a special fluorescent dye. Current research: turn off gene in muscles to stop muscular dystrophy. Mutation: somatic or germ line mutation introduce new alleles. Bookings for Term 3 school holidays 28/9 to 9/10 are OPEN: ‍ Module 5: Heredity - aimed at students starting year 12 in Term 4. Gene therapy is the process of replacing defective genes with normal genes by cutting genes from healthy DNA and inserting them into the DNA of defective cells and tissues. HSC Study Notes » Chemistry Study Notes Find the Study Notes you need. Heredity study session. Get our latest COVID-19 advice ... Module C: The Craft of Writing The new plasmid containing the recombinant DNA is inserted back into the bacterial cell. 0 Replies 6071 Views: January 17, 2017, 09:58:52 pm by jamonwindeyer: Practical experiments and investigation related questions. Module 7 | Infectious disease Content 3: Immunity Lesson 1 | Innate and adaptive immune system. Haemoglobin can carry more oxygen and transport it effectively throughout a large multicellular organism. E.g. Content 1 Content 2. Content 1 Content 2 Content 3 Content 4. Year 11 Biology Sign up now $99 / year. The course examines the interactions between living things and the environments in which they live. Genes that are permanently switched off may be packed very tightly or high condensed. To introduce the concepts of SNPs would be beyond the scope of the current syllabus and potentially increase confusion. Polypeptides fold and may join together to produce proteins. Scientists were so surprised at their results that they verified them with different samples of genetic material from flamingos and squat grebes. Section of nucleotides break off and attach to a different chromosome. Our extensive library of handy and helpful HSC Chemistry resources including past papers with worked solutions, study guides, study notes, essays written by students, assignments and many more, to help you prepare for the HSC We bring Dux College's years of knowledge and experience in bringing students HSC success with the convenience and focused attention of one-on-one home tutoring. cancer, rational drug design; gene therapy and control systems for drugs e.g. Once the strands have been copied, the mixture is heated again for the process to repeat itself, this time twice as efficiently. Sign up « Back to subjects. Hampden-Sydney College offensive lineman Tyler Howerton '21 was named one of 12 finalists for the 2020 William V. Campbell... November 12, 2020 Compass Program: 10-Week Block in Review Hampden-Sydney College’s experiential learning program, Compass, boasts a roster of … Available now ... (module 8) in this Aurora College recording. If environmental change occurs an entire species could be wiped out because there is limited variation → less food for growing population. It may have included cell structures like organelles and biochemical processes. pollen blown to a new area. The gene coding for myoglobin is found in insects as well as mammals but mammals only express this gene in muscle cells. Combining height and seed shape, let T = tall stem, t = short stem, R = round seed and r = wrinkled seed. In eukaryotic organisms, the nucleus of a somatic cell contains the diploid number of chromosomes, twice as many as the haploid number contained in sex cells. HSC Chemistry tutoring at Dux College provides students with the right support to achieve a band 6 result in HSC Chemistry. Patterns in Nature Syllabus Notes Year 11 ... 'year 11 biology tutoring sydney dux college june 16th, 2018 - year 11 biology course overview our year 11 preliminary biology tutoring program Mendelian results are not produced, as the genes for the characteristics he investigated were all located on different chromosomes, leading to his theory of independent assortment. In this study guide, Dux College will п»Ñ—In Module C: Exploring Transitions, students explore and analys e a variety of texts that portray the ways in which individuals experience transitions into new HSC Biology Module 5: Heredity and the start of Year 12 Biology is a sharp twist towards genetics and more complex ideas about health and disease. Many patients suspected to be Rh- in initial clinical tests may in fact possess a more subtle phenotype with a more weakly presented antigen e.g. These can be prepared, cloned (e.g. HSC Biology Module 5: Heredity - Dux College Aligned to the New AP Biology 2019 Course and Exam Description!Review Page 7/27. This occurs when one base is inserted or deleted in a DNA molecule. The turning on and off of genes in a particular order is crucial for normal development. Although Genetic Change may seem like a short module, it focuses on a few, complicated concepts. Individuals can be Rhesus positive (Rh+) or Rhesus negative (Rh–). Great news — the new changes to Year 11 Biology Module 2: Organisation of Living Things makes it EASIER to understand Biology! In a cross breeding experiment, ABC was crossed with abc and the percentages of recombination were observed. The gene cascade for skeletal and neurological development in limbs is also a homologue. Test cross: A double heterozygous parent with a double homozygous recessive parent. For the upcoming HSC and SSC equivalent exam starting from Latest will be held according to the Subject wise Marks Distribution under New Curriculum and Question Pattern finalized by NCTB. Transposons can act as mutagens, if they jump into a functional gene. A protein produced by one gene acts as a transcription factor to turn on the next.
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