Study of phytoplankton biomass is done by analyzing chlorophyll-a. A phytoplankton bloom has been defined as a "high concentration of phytoplankton in an area, caused by increased reproduction; [this] often produces discoloration of the water" (Garrison, 2005). Ganapati Circle, Chandra Layout 8) Fertilizers contain major plant nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. Polluted water reduces Dissolved Oxygen (DO) content, thereby, eliminates sensitive organisms like plankton, molluscs and fish etc. These organisms are called phytoplankton, and about 5,000 species have been discovered till date. The sewerage and garbage of coastal cities are also dumped into the sea. Since light is readily available in the surface ocean, nutrient availability is the most important driver of phytoplankton blooms. It is a dominant pigment found in phytoplankton cells. It is therefore, continuous monitoring of the ocean ecosystem is the need of the hour to devise mitigation systems to encounter disruption caused by algal bloom because of excessive phytoplankton enrichment in the coastal water. So, (b) can be eliminated. A number of species may be able to enter such a loophole at that point in time and space but the best equipped phytoplankton species starts to bloom, consuming nutrients and perhaps releasing allelopathic chemicals inhibiting the growth of competitors (Fistarol et al., 2003, 2004). ... UPSC CSP-Current Affairs MCQ Model (1-31 May, 2020) UPSC Prelims Current Affairs MCQ (1-30 April 2020) UPSC Prelims Current Affairs MCQ (16-31 March 2020) The amendments have created a basis in international environment law to, It is part of the measures being considered to address climate change and ocean acidification like developing low carbon energy forms especially for sources of enormous CO. UNCLOS establishes general obligations for safeguarding the marine environment and protecting freedom of scientific research on the high seas. They can be created or enhanced by human activity to form dead zones. Excess fluoride in drinking water causesÂ, Pain in bones and joint and outward bending of legs from the knees is called. Damn! The Contracting Parties must ensure that the Protocol does not simply result in pollution being transferred from one part of the environment to another. Natural sources of pollution of water are soil erosion, leaching of minerals from rocks (due to natural solubility and solubility triggered by acid rain) and decaying of organic matter. The scientists closely tracked the long-term trends of chlorophyll-a in the northwestern Bay of Bengal. They cause Eutrophication, ocean acidification etc. ‘Dumping’ here does not cover wastes derived from the exploration and exploitation of sea-bed mineral resources. (a) and (b) eliminated. Generally phytoplankton (plankton that use photosynthesis like plants) need nutrients and light to grow at very high rates. The spring bloom dominates the annual cycle of phytoplankton abundance in large regions of the world oceans. The other sources of oceanic pollution are navigational discharge of oil, grease, detergents, sewage, garbage and radioactive wastes, offshore oil mining, oil spills. Excess nitrate in drinking water reacts with. In this satellite image, a bloom of Emiliania huxleyi, a single-celled phytoplankton about 1/10th the size of a human hair, has turned the water of Hardangerfjord, Norway a turquoise color on May 30, 2020. August 8th, 2016 GS I Initiative. The natural-color image was captured by the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer on NASA’s Aqua satellite. Dark blue regions indicate overly fertile water that may give rise to dead zones. A team of scientists from the Indian National Centre for Ocean Information Services (INCOIS) have discovered a way to measure the quantity of chlorophyll-a that indicates abundance of phytoplanktons in the Bay of Bengal in real-time. Toxins bioaccumulate in Zooplankton and phytoplankton and then get biomagnified in the ocean food chains. If there is a bloom, the phytoplankton and other aquatic organisms (like fish) can consume more oxygen than is produced. Adopted in 2006, the amendments were enforced in 2007. Reduction in nitrogen emission from vehicles and power plants. Algae or phytoplankton are microscopic organisms that can be found naturally in coastal waters. High concentrations of DDT disturb calcium metabolism in birds, which causes thinning of eggshell and their premature breaking, eventually causing a decline in bird populations. High level of nitrates may form carcinogens and can accelerate eutrophication in surface waters. Excess fertilisers may reach the groundwater by leaching or may be mix… Discharge of wastewater from industries like petroleum, paper manufacturing, metal extraction and processing, chemical manufacturing, etc., that often contain toxic substances, notably, Agricultural runoff contains dissolved salts such asÂ, Fertilizers contain major plant nutrients such asÂ. 2 Year Validity == Validity of the Download links (both Static & Current Affairs) is 2 Years from the date of purchase. : (1) Increase in phytoplanktons; (2) Physical forces such as upwelling, wind-induced vertical mixing, convective overturn and chemicals from various sources including river runoff. July 22, 2020 August 7, 2020. Black dots indicate dead zones of unknown size. Plankton bloom: Plankton bloom was reported when the density of plankton would be more than 1,00,000 cells per m3. The blooms of Noctiluca Scintillans, commonly known as “sea sparkle” are being witnessed along the coasts of Maharashtra and Karnataka. Red circles show the size and location of dead zones in 2010. It is to be noted that dumping of low-level radioactive wastes and industrial wastes as well as incineration of wastes were earlier permitted by the Convention. It will reduce the amount of nitrogen lost to the surrounding area. Over periods spanning millennia, ageing occurs as the lakes accumulate mineral and organic matter and gradually, get filled up. (NASA Earth Observatory), Your email address will not be published. ... UPSC 2016 Prelims Key with Explanation !!! The potentially toxic chemicals stick to tiny particles and these are taken up by plankton and benthos animals which are deposit or filter feeders concentrating upward within food chains. Sorbitol (glucitol) is a sugar alcohol with a sweet taste which the human body metabolises slowly. Tag: Phytoplankton Bloom Phytoplankton blooms in the Southern Ocean. [New Batch] IASbaba’s Courses- UPSC 2021 : e-CLP, ILP, AIPTS, TLP Connect- ADMISSIONS OPEN! The compounds of lead cause anaemia, headache, loss of muscle power and bluish line around the gum. 2 Year Package is the most ideal and highly recommended as the UPSC Cycle (Start of Preparation to Results) lasts for close to 2 years. Significance of Phytoplanktons: (1) They contribute more than half of the oxygen in the environment; (2) They reduce global warming by absorbing human-induced carbon dioxide; (3) They also serve as the base of the ocean food chain; (4) They are important bio indicators regulating life in oceans; (5) Their abundance determines the overall health of the ocean ecosystem. Presence of large amounts of nutrients in water results inÂ, A few toxic substances, often present in industrial wastewaters, can undergo biological magnification (Biomagnification) in the aquatic. On Sept. 23, 2015, the weather was adequate for the Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) on the Suomi NPP satellite to acquire this view of a phytoplankton bloom in the North Atlantic. Of interest was the variability of the phytoplankton developmental processes following upwelling. When environmental conditions are favourable for their development, these cells may multiply rapidly and form high numbers of cells, and this is called an algal bloom. i.e. The Protocol, which became effective in 2006, replaces the 1972 Convention. Pesticides include insecticides, fungicides, herbicides, etc. Fluorosis is a common problem in several states of the country due to the intake of high fluoride content water. Sewage water includes discharges from houses and other establishments. This image shows a colorful bloom of phytoplankton in the Black Sea on June 4, 2008, along the southern coast near the Turkish cities of Sinop and Samsun. Googling didn’t give me any authentic source that called formaldehyde a water pollutant. Micro-organisms involved in biodegradation of organic matter in sewage waste consume a lot of oxygen and make water oxygen deficient killing fish and other aquatic creatures. 1 Year Validity == Validity of the Download links (both Static & Current Affairs) is 1 Year from the date of purchase. These metals can be toxic and carcinogenic. This process is known as naturalÂ, Similar nutrient enrichment of lakes at an accelerated rate is caused by human activities and the consequent ageing phenomenon is known asÂ, On the basis of their nutrient content, lakes are categorized as, A vast majority of lakes in India are either, Eutrophic water body: it is a body of water rich in nutrients and so supporting a dense plant population, the decomposition of which kills animal life by, Eutrophication is the response to the addition of nutrients such asÂ, Phytoplankton (algae and blue-green bacteria) thrive on the excess nutrients and their population explosion covers almost entire surface layer. leading to problems such as algal bloom, hypoxia and anoxia. In India at many places, the groundwater is threatened with contamination due to seepage from industrial and municipal wastes and effluents, sewage channels and agricultural runoff. Phytoplankton bloom development was examined in newly upwelled waters collected off the Cape Peninsula during active upwelling and incubated in the laboratory under conditions approximating those in the ocean. 1. Black Sea Phytoplankton Bloom. Agricultural runoff contains dissolved salts such as nitrates, phosphates, ammoniaand other nutrients, and toxic metal ions and organic compounds. Nuclear accidents near water bodies or during natural calamities like tsunami and earthquakes pose the risk of radiation leakage (radiation exposure) into water bodies. This can reduce oxygen concentrations to below sustainable levels. A stand-alone species being mentioned in the news for the first time find their way into the prelims. reach the water though runoff. Power plants – thermal and nuclear, chemical and other industries use a lot of water for cooling purposes, and the used hot water is discharged into rivers, streams or oceans. They phased out the dumping of industrial wastes by 1995 and called for an end to incineration of industrial wastes at sea. Zooplankton (/ ˈ z oʊ. a) North Eastern Arabian Sea. Phytoplankton is the microscopic single-celled photosynthetic organism that driftsand blooms in the top layer of the world’s oceans Skip to content Mob: 07428811251 The mechanisms that trigger blooms have been studied for decades, but are still keenly debated, due in part to a lack of data on phytoplankton stocks in winter and early spring. These are known as Harmful Algal Blooms (HABs). Many columns are written on uranium mining and its ill-effects. They are major producers of oxygen and food for many of the animals that live in these waters. Water having DO content below. The image was composed with data from the red, green, and … In news. ; The term algae encompasses many types of aquatic photosynthetic organisms, both macroscopic, multicellular organisms like seaweed and microscopic, unicellular … In India and Bangladesh (Ganges Delta), millions of people are exposed to groundwater contaminated with high levels of arsenic, a highly toxic and dangerous pollutant. Given adequate sunlight and nutrients, phytoplankton populations can explode into blooms large enough to be visible from space. Don’t lose out on any important Post and Update. This is, Unlike terrestrial organisms, aquatic organisms are adapted to a uniform steady temperature of the, One of the best methods of reducing thermal pollution is to store the hot water in cooling ponds, allow the water to cool before releasing into any receiving water body. The next easiest option is Arsenic (Heavy metal). Computing oxygen levels in forest ecosystems, Assessing oxygen levels in high altitude regions. Findings from three deployments have already confirmed a distinct shift in the annual cycle of the phytoplankton bloom and researchers have noted a clear lack of larger-sized plankton during the peak of the bloom. Landmark: Just 50m from Karol Bagh Metro Station, GATE No. Dissolved nitrates commonly contaminate groundwater. All rights reserved |, If you purchase the notes with “Download Validity == 2 Years,” on 01/01/2020, then you will be able to download the, Irrespective of the package you choose, Current Affairs of Geography, Environment, Sci & Tech and Indian Agriculture are available from, Current Affairs of Art and Culture and Economy Basic Terms are available from, Once the payment is made, you need to log in to the, Effects of Water Pollution on Human Health, Effects of Water Pollution on the Environment, Effects of Water Pollution on Aquatic Ecosystem, The United Nations Convention on Law of the Sea, Water Pollution: Causes & Effects, Eutrophication, Algal Blooms (this post), Water Pollution Control Measures: Bio-Toilets, Bioremediation (next post). NAAMES research challenges traditional ideas about bloom dynamics and species succession. The 1993 amendments banned dumping of low-level radioactive wastes into the seas. Vijaynagar, Bangalore 560040, IASBABA, 5B, Pusa Road, Karol Bagh, New Delhi – 110005. The definition of dumping under the Convention relates to deliberate disposal at sea of wastes or other materials from vessels, aircraft, platforms and other man-made structures. Sediments and nutrients are deposited in the buffer zones instead of deposition in water (. The sewage contains human and animal excreta, food residues, cleaning agents, detergents, etc. Thus, N. Scintillans acts as both a plant and an animal. Most of the time the highest bloom is the spring bloom so between March and May.What causes these blooms of phytoplankton is the supply of light and nutrients. Phytoplankton Biomass in Bay of Bengal. Click to download our app. 2. Hot waters discharged from industries, when added to water bodies, lowers its DO content. Increase in efficiency of nitrogen & phosphorous fertilisers and using them inadequate levels. It finds some application in textile, resigns and wood industry. Phytoplankton obtain energy through the process of photosynthesis and must therefore live in the well-lit surface layer (termed the euphotic zone) of an ocean, sea, lake, or other body of water.Phytoplankton account for about half of all photosynthetic activity on Earth. November 13th, 2015 Daily Debate- Anti defection Law- Defects with in and with out . E.g. Much of it ended up flowing into the Pacific Ocean, creating plumes of acidic , glassy steam in the process. When pollutants are discharged from a specific location such as a drain pipe carrying industrial effluents discharged directly into a water body it represents point source pollution. Phytoplankton blooms are prominent features of biological variability in shallow coastal ecosystems such as estuaries, lagoons, bays, and tidal rivers. The 1978 amendment dealt with the incineration of wastes at sea. Methaemoglobin is a form of the oxygen-carrying metalloprotein haemoglobin. Part of: GS Prelims and GS-III – Biodiversity. Treating Industrial effluents domestic sewage to remove nutrient-rich sludge through wastewater processing. 1996 Protocol calls for appropriate preventive measures to be taken when wastes thrown into the sea are likely to cause harm “even when there is no conclusive evidence to prove a cause relation between inputs and their effects.”. Copyright © 2016-20 Pmfias.com. As animal feeds usually have a high fish meal or fish oil content, toxins can be found in consumed food items obtained from livestock and animal husbandry. for which the concern is mainly physical impact. These blooms are commonly referred to asÂ, Eventually, the water body is reduced into marsh whose plant community isÂ, Algal Blooms restrict the penetration of sunlight resulting in the. A number of factors like surface turbulence, photosynthetic activity, O. Excess fertilisers may reach the groundwater by leaching or may be mixed with surface water. (c) and (d) remains. A large phytoplankton bloom was triggered. certain phytoplankton species to bloom. HAB events adversely affect commercial and recreational fishing, tourism, and valued habitats, creating a significant impact on local economies and the livelihood of coastal residents. It also creates an innovative legal regime for controlling mineral resource exploitation in deep seabed areas beyond national jurisdiction, through an. There were two peaks of chlorophyll-a — the primary peak occurred during the pre-southwest monsoon due to the recurrent phytoplankton bloom in the coastal water and the secondary peak occurred during the end of the southwest monsoon, spreading to far offshore areas.
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