Propofol alone produces higher heart rate than xylazine-ketamine-halothane in sheep (Lin et al., 1997) as compared to medetomidine-propofol in dogs (Hall et al., 1997) but similar cardiopulmonary effects are observed in both the The following table is provided for guidance: Repeated maintenance doses of propofol do not result in increased recovery times or dosing intervals, indicating that the anesthetic effects of propofol are not cumulative. Pharmacodynamic properties of propofol are dependent upon the therapeutic blood propofol concentrations. PropoFlo™ Injection is a sterile, nonpyrogenic emulsion containing 10 mg/mL of propofol suitable for intravenous administration. Seven female dogs undergoing ovariohysterectomy were involved in each group -1 Propofol should be managed to prevent the risk of diversion, through such measures as restriction of access and the use of drug accountability procedures appropriate to the clinical setting. Handbook of Veterinary Medicine, Second Edition. Do not freeze. It can cause a decrease in blood pressure, it can depress or even stop breathing, and it can cause pain on injection. B. This material is provided for educational purposes only and is not intended for medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. The duration of anesthesia following the recommended induction doses averages 6.7 minutes in premedicated and unpremedicated animals. Propofol injection is contraindicated in dogs with a known hypersensitivity to propofol or its components, or when general anesthesia or sedation are contraindicated. 1. NIH Hubbell, R.T. Skarda, and R.M. [3] To report suspected adverse events, for technical assistance or to obtain a copy of the Safety Data Sheet (SDS) contact Zoetis Inc. at 1-888-963-8471. Premedicants: Premedicants may increase the anesthesia or sedative effect of propofol and result in more pronounced changes in systolic, diastolic and mean arterial blood pressures. A comparison of the effects of propofol and etomidate on the induction of anesthesia and on cardiopulmonary parameters in dogs. A case of acute postoperative transitory sialadenosis of the submandibular glands in a healthy dog. NLM (propofol injectable emulsion) Intravenous Anesthetic Injection for Use in Dogs. Failure to follow aseptic handling procedures may result in microbial contamination causing fever, infection/sepsis, and/or other life-threatening illness. Comparison of methohexital and propofol as induction agents for evaluation of laryngeal function in healthy dogs. Enouri SS, Kerr CL, McDonell WN, Dyson DH. Propofol used during inhalant maintenance may result in apnea. In the clinical study, a total of 27 sighthounds were induced with propofol, 6 of which were maintained on propofol. Every effort has been made to ensure the accuracy of the PropoFlo (propofol) information published above. This is other common side effect of general anesthesia on dogs you should understand. These side effects may include decreases in the function of the lungs such as: 6. All cases of apnea resumed normal breathing spontaneously, or responded satisfactorily to oxygen supplementation and/or controlled ventilation. Moneret-Vautrin and J.L. The average propofol induction dose rates for healthy dogs given propofol alone, or when propofol is preceded by a premedicant, are indicated in the table below. This table is for guidance only. The effects of propofol on anesthetic induction were evaluated in 40 dogs anesthetized with isoflurane. Overdose is likely to cause cardiorespiratory depression (such as hypotension, bradycardia and/or apnea). Clinico-anesthetic changes following administration of propofol alone and in combination of meperidine and pentazocine lactate in dogs. In addition to the active component, propofol, the formulation also contains soybean oil (100 mg/mL), glycerol (22.5 mg/mL), egg lecithin (12 mg/mL), and oleic acid (0.6 mg/mL) with sodium hydroxide to adjust the pH. Cyanosis (in 2 dogs) and signs of pain on injection (in 3 dogs) were infrequently observed during induction. Smith, J.A., J.S. The primary side effect of propofol is respiratory depression as evidenced by tachypnea and apnea. Tachypnea and apnea were observed in 43 and 26% of the cases in the clinical trial, respectively. All cases of apnea resumed normal breathing spontaneously, or responded satisfactorily to oxygen supplementation and/or controlled ventilation. USA.gov. 6. When the dogs were anaesthetised with propofol alone they recovered more slowly but uneventfully. Do not use if there is evidence of excessive creaming or aggregation, if large droplets are visible, or if there are other forms of phase separation indicating that the stability of the product has been compromised. J Vet Med Sci. Brown MB, Dugat DR, Lyon SD, Nafe LA, Payton ME, Peakheart SK, Salazar RS. 2004;10(29):3639-49. doi: 10.2174/1381612043382846. Learn more about Propofol … Anandmay AK, Dass LL, Sharma AK, Gupta MK, Singh KK, Roy BK. Clinical response will be determined by the amount and the frequency of maintenance injections. Propofol undergoes oxidative degradation in the presence of oxygen and is therefore packaged under nitrogen to eliminate this degradation path. Shake well before use. Get the latest research from NIH: https://www.nih.gov/coronavirus. Get the latest public health information from CDC: https://www.coronavirus.gov. Intravenous propofol administration induced a variable period of apnea in 34 of 40 dogs. Propofol crosses the placenta and, as with other general anesthetic agents, the administration of propofol may be associated with neonatal depression. Propofol should be used with caution in animals in shock, severe stress or victims of trauma. Repeated maintenance doses of propofol do not result in increased recovery times or dosing intervals, indicating that the anesthetic effects of propofol are not cumulative. Vet Surg. 1 We recently reported in long-term instrumented dogs that propofol has no effect on the baseline pulmonary vascular pressure–flow relation but causes profound pulmonary vasoconstriction in the setting of elevated vasomotor tone. Rapid single or repeat bolus administration may cause undesirable cardiorespiratory depression including hypotension, apnea and oxygen desaturation. Administer by intravenous injection only. Undesirable side effects, such as Gaynor, R.M. Do not use if contamination is suspected. Unused product should be discarded within 6 hours. Veterinary Drug Handbook, Second Edition. Rapid single or repeat bolus administration may cause undesirable cardiorespiratory depression including hypotension, apnea and oxygen desaturation. Each mL contains 10 mg propofol. Epub 2018 Oct 27. Gueant. Vet World. When using propofol, dogs … Muir, W.W., J.A.E. When using propofol, dogs should be continuously monitored and facilities for the maintenance of a patent airway, artificial ventilation, and oxygen supplementation must be immediately available. Once propofol has been opened, vial contents should be drawn into sterile syringes; each syringe should be prepared for single patient use only. Recommended maintenance doses for anesthesia in unpremedicated animals, animals premedicated with acepromazine, and animals premedicated with a combination of agents results in anesthesia lasting an average of 3.68, 3.80 and 5.43 minutes, respectively, after each maintenance dose. In the US - Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. Common side effects of propofol include an irregular heart rate, low blood pressure, a burning sensation at the site of injection and the cessation of breathing. The primary side effect of Rapinovet™ injection in dogs is respiratory depression and apnea. Kamibayashi, T., Y. Hayashi, K. Sumikawa, A. Yamatodani, K. Kawabata and I. Yoshiya. Avoid inhalation and direct contact of this product with skin, eyes, and clothes. Find NCBI SARS-CoV-2 literature, sequence, and clinical content: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sars-cov-2/. The emulsion should not be mixed with other therapeutic agents prior to administration. Remove the individual from the source of exposure and seek medical attention. Clinical trials using propofol have shown that it may be necessary to use a higher initial concentration of the inhalant anesthetic halothane than is usually required following induction using barbiturate anesthetics, due to rapid recovery from propofol5. Analgesic properties of propofol can be augmented with an addition of α 2 -agonists such as medetomidine ( Hellebrekers et al., 1998 ). Bednarski and W.W. Muir. 2 The mechanism responsible for this effect is unknown. Animals breathing atmospheric air that become apneic may show signs of cerebral damage after 2 minutes.  |  You may report side effects to FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088. Rapid injection of propofol (≤ 5 seconds) may be associated with an increased incidence of apnea2. If given rapidly, propofol can cause breathing to stop, slow the heart rate and lower blood pressure. However, it remains the responsibility of the readers to familiarize themselves with the product information contained on the US product label or package insert. HHS This is primarily because of its rapid onset, short duration of action, and minimal side effects. Propofol is chemically described as 2, 6-diisopropylphenol and has a molecular weight of 178.27. Sighthounds: Propofol induction and maintenance produced satisfactory anesthesia and recoveries in sighthounds. Catastrophic effects include anaphylactic shock or death. 8. One dog developed ventricular premature depolarizations after propofol administration. Signs And Symptoms At Injection Site Once propofol has been opened, vial contents should be drawn into sterile syringes; each syringe should be prepared for single patient use only. Fast induction and rapid recovery with minimal residual effects have made propofol a favorable anesthetic agent in small animals. Vet Anaesth Analg Apr 9 ↑ Gunderson EG et al (2013) Effects of anesthetic induction with midazolam-propofol and midazolam-etomidate on selected ocular and cardiorespiratory variables in clinically normal dogs.
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