T. glabra Vent. T. monticola Sarg. Native Introduced Native and Introduced. americana in which the abaxial surface of the leaf blades has a sparse covering of stellate hairs; however, other features (e.g., peduncle and pedicel indumentum) are as in var. The leaves have a heart shape, are as long as 5 1/2 inches, as wide as 3 inches and have serrated edges. Invasive Status: Size: 36-72 ft. Bloom Color(s): Yellow. Common Name: Carolina Basswood, Southern Basswood. Also covers those considered historical (not seen americana. Some think they look more like tongues than wings. The bark is gray to light brown, with narrow, well defined fissures. americana. 2. Pioneers dubbed it "bastwood" leading to its common name of today. It is especially popular in heavy metal. Tilia americana It is a dense shade tree with heart-shaped leaves and fragrant flowers; this cultivar is particularly symmetrical. During the winter/Dormant season: 1. T. americana Bark is gray-brown and on mature trees is ridged or plated. heterophylla [5], The wood is pale brown, sometimes nearly white or faintly tinged with red; light, soft with fine close grain; clear of knots but does not split easily. var. This will then allow germination to occur immediately. caroliniana (Mill.) The average height of the American linden ranges from 60 to 125 feet, with the tree attaining a rounded form with a canopy of spreading branches. Leaf blades pubescent with bulbous glands, slender hairs, and sometimes scattered stellate hairs on the abaxial surface; peduncles and pedicels glabrous or sparsely puberulent … Tilia americana L. var. [8] The mushroom Pholiota squarrosoides is known to decay the logs of the tree.[9]. Tilia heterophylla Vent. “Redmond” linden (Tilia americana ‘Redmond’) is a deciduous tree that grows in U.S. Department of Agriculture plant hardiness zones 2 through 8. The dried flowers are mildly sweet and sticky, and the fruit is somewhat sweet and mucilaginous. Tilia neglecta is a phase of T. americana var. americana, American basswood Tilia americana L. var. The similar European Little-leaf Linden (Tilia cordata) is heavily planted in urban landscapes. a sighting. The plant also contains tannins that can act as an astringent. American basswood (Tilia americana), northernmost Tilia species, is a large, rapid-growing tree of eastern and central hardwood woodlands.Best growth is in the central part of the range on deep, moist soils; development is vigorous from sprouts as well as seed. The American basswood is recommended as an ornamental tree when the mass of foliage or a deep shade is desired; no native tree surpasses it in this respect. Also covers Leaf Margins - Coarsely-serrate with long-pointed teeth. 30 m. Young trees have smooth, grey bark, but older trees have regular, shallow grooves. Propagated plants grow rapidly in a rich soil, but are susceptible to many pests. Leaf: The characteristic 4- to 8-inch heart-shaped leaves are coarse-toothed, dark green above and paler green below. RI, The leaves are simple, alternately arranged, ovate to cordate, asymmetrical, unequal at the base (the side nearest the branch the largest), 10–15 cm (4–6 in) (can grow up to 25 cm or 10 in) long and broad, with a long, slender petiole, a coarsely serrated margin and an acuminate apex. listed as one of the only insect pests of Tilia trees. you. Tilia americana – American linden, Basswood. [7] It is cultivated at least as far north as Juneau, Alaska. Native Plant Trust or respective copyright holders. 1). Leaf. Distribution: Eastern North America; northeastern U.S Fire Risk Rating: low flammability Wildlife Value: Leaf Surface - Leathery with tufts of hair along midrib and veins. Loud. NH, americana. [12] It is sold generally under the name basswood, but is sometimes confounded with tulip-wood and then called white-wood, and is largely used in the manufacture of wooden-ware, wagon boxes and furniture. American basswood Tiliaceae Tilia americana L. symbol: TIAM Leaf: Alternate, simple, ovate to cordate, 5 to 6 inches long, with serrate margins, pinnately veined, base is unequally cordate, green above and paler below. MA, ME. Life expectancy is around 200 years, with flowering and seeding generally occurring between 15 and 100 years, though occasionally seed production may start as early as 8 years. Redmond American basswood (Tilia americana 'Redmond'): 'Redmond' is a dense, pyramidal cultivar. The flowers, leaves, wood, and charcoal (obtained from the wood) are used for medicinal purposes. Tilia Species: americana Family: Tiliaceae Uses (Ethnobotany): Lumber, pulpwood, veneer, shade tree in urban areas; soft wood for carving. Leaf Length - … Leaf arrangement: alternate (Fig. (Formerly classified as Tilia x euchlora 'Redmond'). ], "Basswood" redirects here. Although Tilia cordata is believed to be stronger, T. americana is also used medicinally. 1a. RI, The wood burned to charcoal is ingested to treat intestinal disorders and used topically to treat edema or infection, such as cellulitis or ulcers of the lower leg. is shown on the map. 1). Loud. 'Bailyard' (Frontyard®, similar to 'Fastigiata') - A symmetrical grower, this pyramidal-rounded selection will reach 75' tall and 40' wide. The Basswood variety of the linden tree offers a great yard addition for those looking to … ; One of the attractive aspects of the tree is the dark green color of its foliage during spring and summer; the fall color is usually another shade of green or a faded yellow. The leaves serve as food for caterpillars of various Lepidoptera (see Lepidoptera which feed on Tilia). 1.  On March 4th 2017, the Basswood had started to leaf out nicely. Figure 1. Plant Family: Malvaceae (Mallow Family) Native/Alien: NC Native. Tilia wood is light and easy to work; it is made into yardsticks, crates, parts for musical instruments, cabinets and pulp. to exist in the state, but not documented to a county within … 1b. Cultivars include 'Nova', 'Duros' (with an upright crown), the pyramidal 'Frontyard' and the conic-crowned 'Redmond'. The flowers are small, fragrant, yellowish-white, 10–14 mm (13⁄32–9⁄16 inch) in diameter, arranged in drooping, cymose clusters of 6–20 with a whitish-green leaf-like bract attached for half its length at the base of the cyme. Mature American Linden. Fall color is not remarkable. Tilia neglecta is a phase of Go Botany: Native Plant Trust American basswood. ‘Rosehill' - A fast-growing American linden, it is described as an improved selection. Bees produce excellent honey with a mildly spicy flavor from its blossoms. Tilia americana, commonly called American basswood or American linden, is a medium to large deciduous tree which typically grows to 50-80’ (infrequently to over 100’) tall with an ovate-rounded crown. The fall color is yellow-green to yellow. Tilia americana var. It is native to a variety of habitats from Quebec to the southeastern corner of Manitoba and far eastern North Dakota south to Oklahoma, Tennessee and North Carolina, with concentrations in … americana. American linden or basswood is the only tall tree among the New England members of the mallow family (Malvaceae). They are perfect, regular, with five sepals and petals, numerous stamens, and a five-celled superior ovary. americana. T. neglecta Spach; americana var. The flowers are small, creamy-white and aromatic. All images and text © The American basswood is a medium-sized to large deciduous tree reaching a height of 18 to 37 m (60 to 120 ft) exceptionally 39 m (128 ft) with a trunk diameter of 1–1.5 m (3–5 ft) at maturity. American basswood is dominant in the sugar maple–basswood forest association, which is most common in western Wisconsin and central Minnesota, but occurs as far east as New England and southern Quebec in places that have mesic soil with relatively high pH. The wood is used for liver and gallbladder disorders and cellulitis (inflammation of the skin and surrounding soft tissue). Tilia americana. This species is particularly susceptible to adult Japanese beetles (an invasive species in North America) that feed on its leaves. Show VT. The inner bark is very fibrous and excellent for weaving baskets and rope. This makes it valuable in the manufacture of wooden-ware, cheap furniture, and bodies of carriages; it is also especially adapted for wood-carving. The name basswood came from a use made by native Americans of using its fibrous, tough inner bark or "bast" for making cords, thongs and ropes. The twigs are smooth, reddish-green, becoming light gray in their second year, finally dark brown or brownish gray, marked with dark wart-like excrescences. The American basswood is a medium-sized to large deciduous tree reaching a height of 18 to 37 m (60 to 120 ft) exceptionally 39 m (128 ft) with a trunk diameter of 1–1.5 m (3–5 ft) at maturity. The bark is diuretic. Interestingly, they were received as Tilia oliveri, which could be considered the Asian equivalent of Tilia americana var. Included here are cultivars of Tilia americana and forms previously listed under T. heterophylla, which is currently considered to be the same as T. americana. “A” and “B” were planted out in 1957, “C” in 1959. The American basswood can be propagated by cuttings and grafting as well as by seed. It is taken internally in the treatment of lung complaints, dysentery, heart burn and weak stomach. Its other common name is American Linden. broad, flat, oval, simple leaf 3″-7″ long with serrated (toothed) margins; leaves have a heart shaped base and are alternately arranged on stem; lacks a terminal bud; small flowers have 5 petals and sepals are perfect, fragrant and grow drooping in clusters; fruit is a nutlet .25″ attached to a thin narrow leaf-like … state. 3. Tilia americana L.. American Basswood. Discover thousands of New England plants. NRCS PLANT CODE: TIAM TIAMA TIAMC TIAMH COMMON NAMES: American basswood basswood linden TAXONOMY: The scientific name for American basswood is Tilia americana L. [47,29]. evidence (herbarium specimen, photograph). The seeds are eaten by chipmunks, mice, and squirrels. American Linden1 Edward F. Gilman and Dennis G. Watson2. unintentionally); has become naturalized. Varieties include : Tilia americana L. var. Subordinate Taxa. Leaf drop in fall occurs between early and late October depending on the latitude. americana is native and known from Unfortunately by mid July 2016 it was showing signs of suffering from the severe heat, with leaf edges browning. michauxii (Nutt.) In early summer, creamy-yellow, fragrant flowers appear in drooping cymes. to exist in the county by populations both exist in a county, only native status 1a. heterophylla is non-native and known from 2020 For other uses, see, 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-3.RLTS.T61788230A61788232.en, Southern Research Station (www.srs.fs.fed.us), "Managing the Japanese Beetle:A Homeowner's Handbook", "First record of the rare species Pholiota squarrosoides (Agaricales, Strophariaceae) in southwestern Poland", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tilia_americana&oldid=991874573, Flora of the Great Lakes region (North America), Natural history of the Great Smoky Mountains, Articles lacking reliable references from December 2017, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 2 December 2020, at 07:09. It is low in strength and has a poor steam-bending classification. the state. L. n. American linden.  Carolina Basswood Tilia americana var. CT, MA, ME, Tilia Species: cordata Family: Malvaceae Life Cycle: Woody Country Or Region Of Origin: Europe and southwestern Asia Wildlife Value: This plant is a larval host plant to Eastern Tiger Swallowtail (Papilio glaucus) caterpillars. Pests. NH, Fairly fast grower with a loose crown that eventually reaches a maximum height of approx. The flowers were added to baths to quell hysteria, and steeped as a tea to relieve anxiety-related indigestion, irregular heartbeat, and vomiting. T. americana var. Life expectancy is around 200 years, with flowering and seeding generally occurring between 15 and 100 years, though occasionally seed production may start as early as 8 years. It grows faster than many North American hardwoods, often twice the annual growth rate of American beech and many birch species. INTRODUCTION. 3)Leaf type: simpleLeaf margin: serrateLeaf shape: ovate, cordateLeaf venation: pinnateLeaf type and persistence: deciduous ... Tilia floridana, and Tilia georgiana together with Tilia americana. Simple, alternate on stem, length 3" to 6", nearly as wide, heart shaped, saw toothed, sharp pointed at tip; at maturity thick, shiny, green above, paler underneath, … Time of flowering varies by several weeks depending on the latitude; early May in Canada and early June in the extreme southern extent. Stately and imposing, Tilia americana (American Basswood) is a large deciduous tree adorned with an ovate-rounded crown boasting large ovate dark green leaves, up to 6 in. The leaves are cordate and the flowers are yellow. To reuse an caroliniana. Variety heterophylla (Vent.) Flower: Species is monoecious; pale yellow, borne below a long, gracefully curving leafy wing in a many branched cluster, several inches long, appearing in early to mid-summer. T. R. Crow. Plant Type: Tree. [10], The foliage and flowers are both edible, though the tender young leaves are more palatable. The buds are plump, although acute at the tip, and there are often only 2 or 3 bud scales visible. They are basically heart-shaped and the lobes at the base are usually unequal. (intentionally or [5] They open from the bud conduplicate, pale green, downy; when full grown are dark green, smooth, shining above, paler beneath, with tufts of rusty brown hairs in the axils of the primary veins; the small stipules fall soon after leaf opening. Tilia americana, commonly called American basswood or American linden, is a medium to large deciduous tree which typically grows to 50-80’ (infrequently to over 100’) tall … As with elms, the exact number of species is uncertain, as many of the species can hybridise readily, both in the wild and in cultivation. Variety ... are smaller than those of T. americana. The flowers are very fragrant and their nectar attracts bees that convert it to good honey.  1b. It is often planted on the windward side of an orchard as a protection to young and delicate trees. The tree is pyramidal when young but develops into a striking specimen with an upright, rounded oval atop a tall, straight trunk. Most often seen at 40 to 50 feet in height with a spread of 35 to 40 feet, American Linden or Basswood is capable of reaching 80 to 100 feet or more (Fig. ; 
 (Tilia americana) General Description A medium to large tree native east of the Missouri River in North Dakota. T. heterophylla Vent. Take a photo and VT. Mesic, deciduous forests, including rich and riparian types. Tilia species are mostly large, deciduous trees, reaching typically 20 to 40 m (65 to 130 ft) tall, with oblique-cordate leaves 6 to 20 cm (2 1⁄4 to 7 3⁄4 in) across. The fruit is a small, globose, downy, hard and dry cream-colored nutlet with a diameter of 8–10 mm (5⁄16–13⁄32 in).[2][6][7]. Sarg. Tiliaceae -- Basswood family. 1a.  Leaf blades pubescent with bulbous glands, slender hairs, and sometimes scattered stellate hairs on the abaxial surface; peduncles and pedicels glabrous or sparsely puberulent in fruit Mite galls commonly form on the foliage. Life Cycle: Woody Country Or Region Of Origin: Central and eastern North America. ; The winter buds are stout, ovate-acute, smooth, deep red, with two bud scales visible. For details, please check with your state. americana in which the abaxial surface of the leaf blades has a sparse covering of stellate hairs; however, other features (e.g., peduncle and pedicel indumentum) are as in var. Click below on a thumbnail map or name for subspecies profiles. Twigs are light brown to gray, or may be red-tinged. [13][14], Several animal studies showed that the extract of T. americana increased sleeping time by 50 minutes (similar to the effects of diazepam) and decreased movement, which indicates sedative effects. All rights reserved. Found this plant? • Tilia comes from the Greek word “ptilon” meaning wing, referring to the large winglike bracts of the flower cluster. While some call the Basswood that grows in Florida Tilia floridana (TILL-ee-uh flo-re-DANE-nah) the current name de jour is Tilia americana (a-mair-ee-KAY-na) . Both the twigs and leaves contain mucilaginous sap. Thick, green leaves look good in late summer. The Plants Database includes the following 3 subspecies of Tilia americana . Its flowers provide abundant nectar for insects. We depend on Basswood. The flowers are fragrant and insect-pollinated. This is a cultivated variety of a native plant. Non-native: introduced Tilia americana is a species of tree in the family Malvaceae, native to eastern North America, from southeast Manitoba east to New Brunswick, southwest to northeast Oklahoma, southeast to South Carolina, and west along the Niobrara River to Cherry County, Nebraska. How to Identify a Linden (Tilia spp.) image, please click it to see who you will need to contact. ‘Fastigiata’ American Linden grows 50 to 70 feet tall and 30 to 45 feet wide forming a narrow pyramidal shape with upright branches and shiny leaves and is fairly drought-tolerant (Fig. CT, MA, ME, The tree is pyramidal when young but develops into a striking specimen with an upright, oval canopy atop a tall, … is non-native and known from MA, ME. [13], Linden flowers are used in colds, cough, fever, infections, inflammation, high blood pressure, headache (particularly migraine), as a diuretic (increases urine production), antispasmodic (reduces smooth muscle spasm along the digestive tract), and sedative. Tilia americana L. – American basswood. Can you please help us? Copyright: various copyright holders. donations to help keep this site free and up to date for Floodplain (river or stream floodplains), forests, Usually occurs in non-wetlands, but occasionally in wetlands. The American Linden (Tilia americana) pictured in this blog is B98, which is across from the trolley station on S. Roosevelt Ave. Active ingredients in the linden flowers include flavonoids (which act as antioxidants), volatile oils, and mucilaginous constituents (which soothe and reduce inflammation). It is a beneficial species for attracting pollinators as well. caroliniana. Tilia americana. Note: when native and non-native ; The tree was introduced to the UK in 1752, but has never prospered there, being prone to dieback. var. Life Cycle: Perennial. The inner bark is very tough and fibrous, used in the past for making ropes.[7]. It has a density of 0.4525 (relative to water). And a grand tree it is, one of the most commonly planted, statuesque street trees. It also has minor occurrence in many other forest cover types. Linden tea has a pleasing taste, due to the aromatic volatile oil found in the flowers. The American Lime is botanically called Tilia americana. post Winter stems and buds are bright red. Tilia americana L. var. Latin name: Tilia americana Family: Tiliaceae (Linden Family) Medicinal use of American Basswood: A tea made from the inner bark is applied to burns - it soothes and softens the skin. The American basswood is known for being one of the most difficult native North American trees to propagate from seed, as they not only have a low viability rate (approximately 30% of all seeds are viable), but quickly develop an extremely hard seed coating that may delay germination for up to two years. It differs in several floral characteristics but over all it is a smaller tree with smaller leaves (2 to 4 inches long) and has been heavily selected for more tightly pyramidal forms. in 20 years). The roots are large, deep, and spreading. The leaves of Tilia americana are simple, alternate and toothed. Propagation is by seed, cuttings, or grafting. Genus: Tilia. long (15 cm), turning, at best, yellow-green in the fall. It can take stains and polish without difficulty and it planes, glues, screws and nails well. [14][15] It is argued that its mechanism of action is due to the flavonoid quercetin,[16][17] as it inhibits the release of histamine. Trunks often develop cavities, which become nesting sites for woodpeckers and other animals. Rabbits and voles eat the bark, sometimes girdling young trees. (Wetland indicator code: Species Epithet: americana. The Go Botany project is supported Your help is appreciated. [2][3] Common names include American basswood[4] and American linden. T. americana The American Sentry linden is reported to have some resistance to Japanese beetle. (Vent.) T. michauxii Nutt. The Tree is a deciduous tree, it will be 30 - 40 m (99 - 132 ft) high. The leaves are used to promote sweating to reduce fevers. in part by the National Science Foundation. All juvenile basswoods coppice extremely readily, and even old trees will often sprout from the stump if cut. If planting them, it is recommended to gather the seeds in early autumn and sow them before they dry out and form a coating. All Characteristics, the fruit is dry but does not split open when ripe, the bark of an adult plant is ridged or plated, the bark of an adult plant is thin and smooth, there are three or more scales on the winter bud, and they overlap like shingles, with one edge covered and the other edge exposed, there are two scales on the winter bud, and their edges meet, the flowers grow out of the axil (point where a branch or leaf is attached to the main stem), the inflorescence is a dichasial cyme (an axis with a terminal flower, below it a pair of branches, each with a terminal flower, these branches may in turn each have a pair of branches and so on), the underside of the leaf has hairs on it, The base of the leaf blade is cordate (heart-shaped, with rounded lobes), the base of the leaf blade is truncate (ends abruptly in a more or less straight line as though cut off), the leaf blade is orbicular (roughly circular, as wide as long), the leaf blade is ovate (widest below the middle and broadly tapering at both ends). The American basswood (Tilia americana) is the only member of the genus Tilia native to Iowa. neglecta (Spach) Fosberg; Basswood attracts many insect pests including Japanese beetles and skeletonized leaves are common. The inner bark was used historically as a fiber source for making baskets, rope, and fishing nets.[11]. Overall, seeds are not a major part of the tree's reproductive strategy and it instead mostly spreads by self-coppicing. Exact status definitions can vary from state to The leaves emerge in mid-spring, but the flowers require day lengths of approximately 14 hours and 30 minutes to form, hence T. americana's range is limited to north of the 35th parallel. Tilia americana var. [18][unreliable medical source? Legend American basswood(Tilia americana 'DTR 123'): A pyramidal cultiar with good branching structure. Dried flowers are used to make tea. There is another American Linden on the tree map at B101, which is located on north side of City Park Drive between fields 1 and 2. var. Young twigs are smoot… Read more It is a common wood for use in the production of solid-body electric guitars, where it is considered an analogue for aspen and poplar, because it is light, strong and resonant, though it is usually used for guitars that will be painted an opaque color, because its lack of notable grain makes it an unattractive candidate for transparent finish. … 1a. Young leaves of this species have star-shaped (stellate) hairs on the upper surfaces. those considered historical (not seen in 20 years). The tree likes Sun to half-shade at the location and the soil should be sandy to loamy to strong loamy . Bean noted that occasionally, enormous leaves measuring 38 cm or 15 in long by 25 cm or 10 in wide appear on thick, succulent shoots. The leaves of Tilia species have rounded bases that are asymmetrical on either side of the petiole. State documented: documented 1b.  Leaf blades densely pubescent with stellate hairs on the abaxial surface (rarely becoming puberulent in age, but stellate hairs persisting along the major veins); peduncles and pedicels pubescent with stellate hairs in fruit americana is native and known from CT, MA, ME, NH, RI, VT.T. The ribbed cocoon maker species Bucculatrix improvisa has not been found on other plants. The crown is domed, the branches spreading, often pendulous. heterophylla, having similar pubescent white leaf undersides. It is the sole representative of its genus in the Western Hemisphere, assuming T. caroliniana is treated as a subspecies or local ecotype of T. FACU). It grows faster than many North American hardwoods, often twice the annual growth rate of American beech and many birch species. County documented: documented The wood is considered odorless.
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