She was very anxious to build up his physical strength, and he was encouraged to spend much time swimming, sailing, and riding. Alfonso XII (Alfonso Francisco de Asís Fernando Pío Juan María de la Concepción Gregorio Pelayo; 28 November 1857 – 25 November 1885), also known as El Pacificador or the Peacemaker, was King of Spain, reigning from 1874 to 1885.After a revolution that deposed his mother Isabella II from the throne in 1868, Alfonso studied in Austria and France. In 1902, on attaining his 16th year, the King assumed control of the state. The couple went on to have five children: one daughter (a carrier whose children did not inherit the disease) and four sons, two of whom had hemophilia. An office dealing with prisoners-of-war and missing personnel was established at the Royal Palace in Madrid. DOI: 10.15463/ie1418.10282. The dictator established martial law and began cracking down on the regional separatists. He was a monarch from birth as his father, Alfonso XII, had died the previous year. King Alfonso XIII (1885– 1931) was not a modernizer. 1886 - Alfonso XIII was born on the 17th of May. His remains were later returned to Spain in 1980 after his grandson, Juan Carlos, became King of Spain after the death of General Franco. An der Vaterschaft bestehen allerdings Zweifel[1], da Francisco kränklich war und teils als zeugungsunfähig, teils als homosexuell bezeichnet wurde; als biologischer Vater wird daher gelegentlich Enrique Puigmoltó y Mayans, ein Hauptmann der Leibgard… After the failure of the First Spanish Republic in 1873, a conservative seizure of power led to the restoration of the Bourbon monarchy with the ascendance of Alfonso XII, King of Spain (1857–1885)to the throne. This prompted his mother, María Cristina, Queen, consort of Alfonso XII, King of Spain (1858-1929) to resign the regency in 1902. King Alfonso XIII, however, would not live to see any of that as he died in Rome not long after his abdication a month later on February 28, 1941. Why is the Republic of South Africa referred to as a Rainbow Nation? The most Alfonso families were found in the USA in 1920. Free trial available! In Social Clips. Alfonso was monarch from birth as his father, Alfonso XII, had died the previous year.Alfonso's mother, Maria Christina of Austria, served as regent until he assumed full powers on his sixteenth birthday in 1902. Discover Alfonso XII: La vida del El Pacificador [Alfonso XII: The Life of the Peacemaker] as it's meant to be heard, narrated by uncredited. He tended to speak ill of the British to the French and vice versa, doing the same with the Italians and Austrians. Alfonso’s popularity also suffered, and the notorious attempt on his life and that of his bride, Victoria Eugenia of Battenberg, on their wedding day (May 31, 1906) was followed by a constant succession of plots to assassinate him. The victors demanded the king’s abdication; when the army withdrew its support from Alfonso, he was forced to leave Spain (April 14, 1931), though he refused to abdicate the throne. Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree.... Get exclusive access to content from our 1768 First Edition with your subscription. Alfonso XIII of Spain 1902-1931 Called "the African» 1 (Madrid, May 17, 1886-Rome, February 28, 1941), was king of Spain from birth until the proclamation of the Second Republic on April 14, 1931. Because his father died before he was born he was considered King of Spain from the moment he was born. Alfonso's mother, Maria Christina of Austria, served as regent until he assumed full powers on his sixteenth birthday in 1902. Carolina García Sanz, Escuela Española de Historia y Arqueología en Roma. Alfonso XIII, Spanish king (1902–31) who by authorizing a military dictatorship hastened his own deposition by advocates of the Second Republic. The result was political instability; 33 governments were formed in Spain between 1902 and 1923, and the parliamentary system was steadily discredited. November 28 marks the birth anniversary in 1857 of Prince Alfonso de Borbón y Borbón who, in December 1874, would become King Alfonso XII. Be on the lookout for your Britannica newsletter to get trusted stories delivered right to your inbox. Alfonso XIII (17 May 1886 – 28 February 1941) reigned as King of Spain. In cooperation with the French, he restored order to north Africa and began extensive infrastructure upgrades in Spain. Although moves were made to nominate King Alfonso for the Nobel Peace Prize, they were never successful. Alfonso XIII, King of Spain (1886-1941), who was born after his father's premature death, attained majority status at the age of sixteen. Click here to subscribe to the Hemophilia News Today Newsletter! Although his conduct during World War I was irreproachable (he observed a scrupulous neutrality and rendered great service to humanitarian causes), in the postwar period he began to move toward a system of more personal rule, even seeking a means to rid himself of the legislature. Articles from Britannica Encyclopedias for elementary and high school students. Additionally, King Alfonso XIII of Spain also fell gravely ill with the virus, heightening press coverage in the country and grabbing headlines elsewhere. The Restaurationist constitution of 1876 was expected to bring endemic antagonism between military and civilian powers to an end. Alfonso XII, also known as El Pacificador or the Peacemaker, was King of Spain, reigning from 1874 to 1885. General Francisco Franco reinstated him as a Spanish citizen and restored his property (confiscated in 1932), but he eventually abdicated his rights to his third son, Don Juan. Eventually, he agreed to hold municipal elections (April 1931), which, at least in the important towns, resulted in a landslide for the Republican and Socialist parties. In 1906, Alfonso married Princess Victoria Eugénie of Battenberg, granddaughter of Queen Victoria of Great Britain. The Restaurationist constitution of 1876 was expected to bring endemic antagonism between military and civilian powers to an end. The 1918–1919 influenza pandemic was the most devastating epidemic in modern history. Built by King Alfonso XIII for the royals and VIPs attending Seville’s 1929 world fair, the Hotel Alfonso XIII is -literally- built for royalty. In August 1914 he had already proposed a Spanish-Italian joint arbitration, which he hoped would result in a Latin-sponsored peace agreement. King Alfonso XIII of Spain was the Spanish sovereign from his birth on May 17, 1886, until the establishment of the Second Spanish Republic on April 14, 1931. Overall, Alfonso XIII tended to present himself as a pacifist and humanitarian king. https://www.britannica.com/biography/Alfonso-XIII, 1914-1918-online - International Encyclopedia of the First World War - Biography of Alfonso XIII, Spartacus Educational - Biography of Alfonso XIII, Alfonso XIII - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up). Popularity: Alfonso Herrera Alfonso Herrera is an actor. Diplomatically, Alfonso exhibited contradictory behavior as military operations evolved and depending on the belligerent representative to whom he was speaking. He was King for only a short period, eleven years scarce, because he died in November 1885, when he was just about to turn twenty-eight, from complications from the tuberculosis he was suffering. His great personal courage in the face of these attacks, however, won him considerable admiration. He died on February 28th, 1941. Alfonso xiii and the second republic 1. Alfonso never returned to Spain. The morbidity pattern (affecting mostly young and healthy persons), together with the rapid disease progression to fatal multiorgan failure and death, were distinct features of the 1918–1919 influenza pandemic [3–6]. Alfonso XIII, 1886–1941, king of Spain (1886–1931), posthumous son and successor of Alfonso XII. Official Alfonso XIII biographies argue that several blunders committed by the king during his reign were offset by his humanitarian work during the First World War; this was also a point made by the royalist propaganda in the Second Spanish Republic. by Ute Daniel, Peter Gatrell, Oliver Janz, Heather Jones, Jennifer Keene, Alan Kramer, and Bill Nasson, issued by Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin 2014-10-08. He left a legacy as the king who worked to spread Catholicism throughout […] He was the first of the Portuguese Kings to rule in the Kongo. Due to King Alfonso's whims and the absence of parliamentary majorities in the pre-World War I period, the monarchy was actively involved in ministerial instability. Forty members of the royal staff, as well as volunteers, worked together with Spanish diplomats all around Europe for prisoners’ relief. News of the sickness first made headlines in Madrid in late-May 1918, and coverage only increased after the Spanish King Alfonso XIII came down with a nasty case a week later. African colonial slumps of the year 1921 gave the signal for the start of a general offensive against the throne, and the army, respectively represented by King Alfonso XIII and the general Primo de Rivera. Author: Evan Andrews. King Alfonso XIII of Spain (husband of Victoria’s granddaughter, Victoria Eugenie) The war saw Germany (along with Austria-Hungary and the Ottoman Empire) square off against a coalition of allies including the United Kingdom, Romania and Russia. His mother abdicated in his favour in 1870, and he returned to Spain as king in 1874 following a military coup against the First Republic. The impact of military defeat in Morocco, and the post-World War I Depression, put pressure on the King, and after 12 unsuccessful governments during the period 1918–23 Alfonso did not resist the coup of General Primo de Rivera. Alfonso XIII grew up to be a soldier and was fond of wearing the captain general uniform in public. García Sanz, Carolina: Alfonso XIII, King of Spain , in: 1914-1918-online. After the Spanish-American War of 1898, which had ended Spain's colonial empire, the young king represented the clearest example of a new generation that could change the face of the nation. The story of Ratoncito Pérez has been adapted into further literary works and movies since then, with the character of Alfonso XIII appearing in some. He assumed effective power at the age of sixteen on 17 May 1902. He was the posthumous son of Alfonso XII of Spain, was proclaimed King at his birth. Februar 1941 in Rom; vollständiger Name Alfonso León Fernando María Jaime Isidro Pascual Antonio de Borbón y Austria-Lorena) war von 1886/1902 bis 1931 König von Spanien. She was very anxious to build up his physical strength, and he was encouraged to spend much time swimming, sailing, and riding. Alfonso XIII, King of Spain (1886-1941), who was bor… This text Real Madrid had two major names in their history: First they were Madrid CF (Madrid Club de Fútbol). The impact of military defeat in Morocco, and the post-World War I Depression, put pressure on the King, and after 12 unsuccessful governments during the period 1918–23 Alfonso did not resist the coup of General Primo de Rivera.
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