Winning battles at Trebia (218 BC) and Lake Trasimene (217 BC), Hannibal defeated armies led by Tiberius Sempronius Longus and Gaius Flaminius Nepos. The only noteworthy feature of the ensuing campaigns is the skillful guerrilla war waged by a new Carthaginian commander, Hamilcar Barca, from his strong positions on Mt. Government. Answer:The three Punic Wars between Carthage and Rome took place over nearly a century, beginning in 264 B.C. While Carthage, under the leadership of Hamilcar, was busy fighting off its own 'mercenary war', Rome was able to snatch Sardinia away and secure its position on Corsica by 238 BC. The first Punic War was over ownership of Sicily. In the Second Punic War (218 BC-202BC), Hannibal a Carthaginian attacked Rome, while the Romans started the Third Punic war (149 B.C – 146 B.C) to wipe out Carthage (Polybius). Be on the lookout for your Britannica newsletter to get trusted stories delivered right to your inbox. Even though the main cause of the second war was the war on Saguntum you must go back all the way to the ending of the First War. Your IP: 148.251.1.231 Conflict in Sicily between Rome and Carthage sparks the First Punic War. 9th event. The interval between the First and Second Punic Wars (241–218, https://www.britannica.com/event/Punic-Wars, UNRV History - The Punic Wars and Expansion, Punic Wars - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up). Start. How did Carthage’s founder and key figure in Rome’s foundation mythology meet, and what happened next? For 17 years the two states struggled for supremacy, primarily in Italy and Iberia, but also on the islands of Sicily and Sardinia and, towards the end of the war, in North Africa. 1-The Punic Wars were a series of three wars fought between Rome and Carthage from 264 BC to 146 BC.The first war started in 264BC and ended in 241BC.The second war happened from 218 to 201 BC. This left Rome free to land a force on Corsica (259) and expel the Carthaginians but did not suffice to loosen their grasp on Sicily. List in order the major events of the Punic Wars. The failures were Publius … In 263 the Romans advanced with a considerable force into Hieron’s territory and induced him to seek peace and alliance with them. In the wake of these victories, he moved south plundering the countryside and working to make Rome's allies defect to … Carthage. Log in Sign up. The Second Punic War, also referred to as The Hannibalic War, (by the Romans) The War Against Hannibal, or "The Carthaginian War", lasted from 218 to 201 BC and involved combatants in the western and eastern Mediterranean. The besiegers met with a gallant resistance and in 249 were compelled to withdraw by the loss of their fleet in a surprise attack upon Drepanum, in which the admiral Publius Claudius Pulcher was repulsed with a loss of 93 ships. Most of them were admirals because most of the battles fought were naval. A part of Sicily was controlled by Carthage. Add your … 1st event. Our editors will review what you’ve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. 3rd event. Difficulty. Some were successfull, some ineffectual. These wars are collectively called the Punic Wars. At the start of the wars, Carthage was a rich and modern city state as well as a major maritime power. He sought to compensate for the loss of Sicily by acquiring a dominion in Spain where Carthage might gain new wealth and form a fresh base of operations against Rome. the third war(149_146BC)was the last war.Rome defeated Carthage.leaders: 1-Hiero II of Syracuse2-Hannibal3-Scipio Aemilianus The author begins the book with a brief summary of all three Punic Wars, then he describes the While the book concentrates at least half of the roughly 200 pages on Hannibal's Alp crossing from Gaul (France) to Italy, we also get a history of Hannibal's family and the city-state of Carthage, plus much history of Ancient Rome, mainly in relation to their arch rival, Carthage. Invested with an unrestricted foreign command, he spent the rest of his life in founding a Spanish empire (237–228). The attendant new obligation to safeguard the peninsula against foreign interference made it necessary not to allow the neighbouring island of Sicily to fall into the hands of a strong and expansive power. You may have heard of D-Day, the Battle of Hastings, and Waterloo, but do you know their historical significance? new leader to fight - Sipio 204 BC invaded Carthage and H brought back new tactics for fighting elephants. … In 219 Hannibal laid siege to Saguntum and carried the town in spite of a stubborn defense. Hannibal rose to become a great leader of the Carthaginians that can be regarded as a huge spectacle of the war. 2nd event 225 B.C.E. To the remonstrances of Carthage the Romans replied with a direct declaration of war, and only withheld their attack upon the formal cession of Sardinia and Corsica and the payment of a further indemnity. His cleverness and tact were appreciated even by the opposing Romans. 6th event. In 260 the Romans built their first large fleet of standard battleships. By a magnificent effort on the part of private citizens a fleet of 200 warships was equipped and sent out to renew the blockade of Lilybaeum. 3rd event. 7th event. STUDY. Here is a list of the top 10 biggest events of the Second Punic War: 10. Get exclusive access to content from our 1768 First Edition with your subscription. The Punic Wars were a sequence of three battles that were fought in the period 264 to 146 BC between Rome and Carthage. 4. The student will connect the causes of the Punic Wars with the effects they had on Roman civilization. The second Punic War was fought between 218-202 BC. The student will compare and contrast a Republic, Monarchy, and Empire. The Punic Wars were a series of three wars fought between Rome and Carthage from 264 BC to 146 BC. 3. By signing up for this email, you are agreeing to news, offers, and information from Encyclopaedia Britannica. Britannica Kids Holiday Bundle! 4th event. The same year, 146 BCE, the Romans were also able to take control of Greece. Battle of Mylae 260 BC. The Unification of Italy. The great military leaders of the war for Carthage were Hamilcar Barca and his sons Hasdrubal and Hannibal. Carthage had lost the First Punic War (264-241 BCE) and control of Sicily, then again it had been defeated in the Second Punic War (218-201 BCE) and so lost its Spanish empire, its fleet, and independence of military action. Play as. With his genius, Hannibal Barca, though, gained much ground, but eventually lost to the Romans in this war. This conflict was fought between the states of Carthage and Rome, two powerful states in this period. This crossing was made more famous because he also brought a large number of elephants with him. Who is the legendary founder of Carthage? It stretched for 24 years before the Romans were finally victorious. • This 15 question quiz will ask you to search various websites to anwer the multiple-guess questions. Third Punic War start. Lazenby, author of The First Punic War , "To Rome, wars ended when the Republic dictated its terms to a defeated enemy; to Carthage, wars ended with a negotiated settlement." The first and second Punic wars (264–241 bce The first Punic War was over ownership of Sicily. Third Punic War, (149–146 bce), third of three wars between the Roman Republic and the Carthaginian (Punic) Empire that resulted in the final destruction of Carthage, the enslavement of its population, and Roman hegemony over the western Mediterranean. The Sicilian cities proved unstable allies, willing to change sides depending on who was stronger at the … To avoid complete humiliation Carthage had no resource but to humiliate its adversary. The Battle of Lake Trasimene 217 BC was a major battle in the Second Punic War. the most important event was Hannibal's crossing of the Alps(218 BC). This causes the First Punic War. Roman Victory in Aegates Islands Leads to End of the First Punic War 241 BC Roman naval victory over Carthage in the Aegates Islands leads to the end of the First Punic War. The Romans were new to the development of capturing land and thus had not quite built their Empire yet which does happen later in history as we know. After one campaign they were ready to sue for peace, but the terms which the Roman commander Marcus Atilius Regulus offered were intolerably harsh. 2nd event. The main weakness of this army was that it lacked any permanence. The most famous of the successfull ones were Gaius Dullius, in whose honour a column erected, and Gaius Lucitatius Catulus who defeated the Carthagean forces in the decisive battle. The Punic Wars were a series of wars between the Carthaginians and the Roman Republic that would catalyze the growth of the Roman territorial holdings as well as shape the ancient world for centuries to come. The Romans were interested only in expansion and went through Sicily. Carthage and Rome fought in a series of three wars known as the Punic Wars. With their new leader Scipio the Romans had an advantage at the Battle of Zama. The Roman Republic breaks the alliance with Carthage and engages in war with Sicily. The Punic Wars began as Rome expanded West toward what is now Spain, East into Greece and South to Sicily, which brought it into conflict with Carthage. Create. You may need to download version 2.0 now from the Chrome Web Store. By 265 B.C., Carthage was the wealthiest and most advanced city in the reg… After the start of the Second Punic War, the Carthaginian general Hannibal boldly crossed the Alps and invaded Italy. C.4.7.2. At the time, they were one of the largest wars that had ever taken place. Accordingly they equipped a new army in which, by the advice of a Greek captain of mercenaries named Xanthippus, cavalry and elephants formed the strongest arm. Image Credit: shorthistory One of the biggest event of this war was Hannibal Barca’s supreme riseand subsequent defeat. In 254 they captured the important fortress of Panormus (Palermo), but when Carthage threw reinforcements into the island the war again came to a standstill. Punic Wars, also called Carthaginian Wars, (264–146 bce ), a series of three wars between the Roman Republic and the Carthaginian (Punic) empire, resulting in the destruction of Carthage, the enslavement of its population, and Roman hegemony over the western Mediterranean. specific events of importance – particularly the two crucial battles of the Second Punic War. The Carthaginians, whose citizen levy was utterly disorganized, could neither keep the field against the invaders nor prevent their subjects from revolting. They had a huge naval army. Print; Main. Standards. During the Quiz End of Quiz. Second Punic War (218 - 201 BC): In the Second Punic War, Carthage had more success fighting against the Roman legions. At the same time, the Carthaginians, who felt no less severely the financial strain of the prolonged struggle, reduced their forces and made no attempt to deliver a counterattack. Rome and Carthage fought the Punic Wars during the span of years from 264 to 146 B.C. Rome's first naval win against the Carthaginian Navy. The causes of the Punic Wars boiled down to the Carthaginian Empire and the Roman Republic both wanting to expand their lands and build on the empires they had already started. The Romans now directed their efforts once more against Sicily. During the 3rd and 2nd centuries B.C., three wars were fought between Rome and Carthage. The main reasons for the Second or Hannibalic War were the ambition and pride of prominent military generals and a poorly configured political agreement. At the beginning of the war the Carthaginian Empire was powerful in the western part of the Mediterranean region. The Second Punic War (218-201) did not end well for Carthage and The Third Punic War (149-146) ended with Carthage being erased from the map and relegated to minor Roman province. This was the main reason why Rome would move on to conquer most of their enemies and integrate them into their empire. 57 terms. The countries of Europe today are almost second nature to those of us who grew up in Western society. Standards. First Punic War (264-241 B.C.) 1st event 246 B.C.E. In this essay I will look into the causes of the Second Punic War with the intention of backing up Polybius argument that the war on Saguntum was just the The Romans won and they forced the Carthaginians to give up their territory in Spain and the Mediterranean, give up their elephants, burn their warships, pay a fine, and never go to war without Rome's permission . The proximate cause of the first outbreak was a crisis in the city of Messana (Messina), commanding the straits between Italy and Sicily. Winning battles at Trebia (218 BC) and Lake Trasimene (217 BC), Hannibal defeated armies led by Tiberius Sempronius Longus and Gaius Flaminius Nepos. Adrian Goldsworthy's book is an exceptional read for anyone interested in Ancient History. Embark upon a historical journey of warfare in this quiz. • Settings. Punic Wars The three Punic wars consisted of a series of conflicts of interest, especially land control, between the growing Roman Republic and the already existing Carthaginian Empire. Rome's outstanding leaders were Scipio Africanus and his adopted grandson, Scipio Aemilianus. The cause of this war was mainly the interest of the Roman Republic in expanding southwards by conquering Sicily, a territory that was dominated by Carthaginian Empire. Features; Examples; Case Studies; Pricing; Support; Create a Timeline Now; 3 Punic Wars. Even though, Rome had defeated the Carthage in the previous wars, some military members and leaders sought to further weaken Carthage based on fears that it would attack Rome again. More Punic Wars Quizzes. The Mercenary, or Truceless, War began in 241 BC as a dispute over the payment of wages owed to 20,000 foreign soldiers who had fought for Carthage on Sicily during the First Punic War. Please select which sections you would like to print: Corrections? Not only did they control that, what they controlled going into the Third Punic War, but now they controlled Carthage's African colonies. NOW 50% OFF! A large Roman fleet sailed out in 256, repelled the entire Carthaginian fleet off Cape Ecnomus (near modern Licata) and established a fortified camp on African soil at Clypea (Kélibia in Tunisia). The war on Saguntum was seen by Polybius to be just the first incident in the war. While this was the Romans’ only naval defeat in the war, their fleet had suffered a series of grievous losses by storm, and now it was so reduced that the attack upon Sicily had to be suspended. According to the Roman historian Livy, Hannibal was a man of great strength, endurance and skill. List ways in which the Greeks influenced the Romans. The origin of these conflicts is to be found in the position which Rome acquired, about 275 bce, as leader and protector of all Italy. With both sides well-matched, the first two wars dragged on and on; eventual victory went, not to the winner of a decisive battle, but to the side with the greatest stamina. Details of the different Punic Wars are the subject of the quiz. The student will connect the causes of the Punic Wars with the effects they had on Roman civilization. The reasons were numerous but they can be summed up in one point; Rome just fucking hated Carthage to the core. Title. Here are 10 facts about the Punic Wars. 4th event. (The word “Punic,” later the name for the series of wars between Carthage and Rome, was derived from the Latin word for Phoenician.) The Mamertini appealed to both Rome and Carthage, and the Carthaginians, arriving first, occupied Messana and effected a reconciliation with Hieron. The Punic Wars and Expansion In the 3rd and 2nd Centuries BC, Rome, after consolidating its hold on the Italian peninsula would soon come up against the power of the Mediterranean, Carthage. Omissions? and ending in Roman victory with the destruction o… Background The name of the wars comes from the fact that many of our sources are either Roman (e.g. If you are at an office or shared network, you can ask the network administrator to run a scan across the network looking for misconfigured or infected devices. Punic War, 2nd, 218–201 B.C.— Campaigns—Italy. Sicily had been the main theatre of war during the first Punic War, but during the second war it never achieved the same importance. The Punic Wars had a number of important impacts to the Roman society and politics. Carthage was Phoenician city founded in 814 BC, and the term Punic relates to … Punic Wars study guide by gracerivera212 includes 57 questions covering vocabulary, terms and more. However, the scheme of preparing for a fresh conflict found a worthy champion in Hamilcar Barca. It stretched for 24 years before the Romans were finally victorious. Events. Third Punic War end. 14 Questions | By Bom64 | Last updated: Dec 31, 2012 | Total Attempts: 1378 . Fall of Rome-Main Events Review of rise and fall of Rome Rise and Fall of Rome Assessment; Lesson Objective . Fall of Rome-Main Events Review of rise and fall of Rome Rise and Fall of Rome Assessment; Lesson Objective . The Roman Republic breaks the alliance with Carthage and engages in war with Sicily. The Second Punic War (218–201 BC) was the second of three wars fought between Carthage and Rome, the two main powers of the western Mediterranean in the 3rd century BC. The Carthaginians hastily collected a relief force, but in a battle fought off the Aegates Insulae (Egadi Islands), west of Drepana, their fleet was caught at a disadvantage and mostly sunk or captured (March 10, 241). Appius Claudius was able to get his troops into Messana. Punic Wars Quiz . Third Punic War Cause. Carthage protested, but in its current state, could do nothing more than that, and in fact, was forced to pay more tribute. The Barca's played a huge role in the punic wars and Scipio Africanus was the major roman general for the last two wars Which major event occurred in the Third Punic War? The Punic Wars by Adrian Goldsworthy, is a fantastic look at the Punic Wars - three wars between the City States turned Empires from the mid 200 BC to the mid 100's BC. The fighting in Sicily over the next two decades was often confusing. In 221 BC, a young man, only twenty-five years old, assumed command over Carthaginian Spain. Learn about Hannibal's campaign against Rome, beginning with his attack on Saguntum. A second Roman fleet, which subsequently reached Africa after defeating the full Carthaginian fleet off Cape Hermaeum (Sharīk Peninsula), withdrew all the remaining troops. Those 17 years of war were nothing if not eventful. The Roman fleet sinks 50 Carthaginian ships with the help of the newly invented corvus. When the war broke out, Sicily was split into a Roman province in the west, and an area in the east controlled by Syracuse, still controlled by Hiero, Rome's ally of the first war. In 255, under Xanthippus’ command, they offered battle to Regulus, who had taken up position with an inadequate force near Tunis, outmaneuvered him, and destroyed the bulk of his army. Punic Wars, also called Carthaginian Wars, (264–146 bce), a series of three wars between the Roman Republic and the Carthaginian (Punic) empire, resulting in the destruction of Carthage, the enslavement of its population, and Roman hegemony over the western Mediterranean. The Punic Wars by Adrian Goldsworthy, is a fantastic look at the Punic Wars - three wars between the City States turned Empires from the mid 200 BC to the mid 100's BC. 2nd event. At some point also Rome entered into relations with Saguntum (Sagunto), a town on the east coast, south of the Ebro. PLAY. In the seventeen year-long Second Punic War, Hannibal Barca was the leader of the invasion of Italy. Ercte (247–244) and Mt. In the wake of these victories, he moved south plundering the countryside and working to make Rome's allies … See answer erickisawsome488 is waiting for your help. 1st event 246 B.C.E. This aggression provoked war with Carthage and Syracuse. After the Third Punic War, the Romans are now the dominant empire in the Mediterranean. 3. There were many leaders of Rome in the first punic war. The enmity of Carthage impelled Rome to build up its large army and to create a strong navy. Main Ideas 2. 5th event. The temper of the Roman people was soon made manifest during a conflict which broke out between the Carthaginians and their discontented mercenaries. Lesson Plan. The second Punic War, fought from 218-202 BC was led by Hannibal on the Carthaginian side and Quintus Fabius Maximus Verrucosus with Publius Cornelius Scipio Africanus on the Roman side. They besieged and captured the Carthaginian base at Agrigentum in 262 but made little impression upon the Carthaginian fortresses in the west of the island and upon the towns of the interior. This young man was known as Hannibal. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). The western Mediterranean during the Punic Wars. With their new leader Scipio the Romans had an advantage at the Battle of Zama. The First Punic War Concludes With both sides balanced, the war between Rome and Carthage continued for 20 more years until the war-weary Phoenicians just gave up in 241. 265BC-146BC. A gross breach of the treaty was perpetrated when a Roman force was sent to occupy Sardinia, whose insurgent garrison had offered to surrender the island (238). Tradition holds that Phoenician settlers from the Mediterranean port of Tyre (in what is now Lebanon) founded the city-state of Carthage on the northern coast of Africa, just north of modern-day Tunis, around 814 B.C. Hannibal, engraving by John Chapman, 1800. 6th event. They were the largest battles of the time. To a few privileged groups among the conquered people, Rome gave the highly prized right of full citizenship. This was the second major war between Carthage and the Roman Republic, with the crucial participation of Numidian-Berber armies and tribes on both sides. At the start of the Punic Wars, Carthage had a higher profile than Rome. 7th event. Log in Sign up. The Roman commander, nevertheless, persisted in throwing troops into the city, and, by seizing the Carthaginian admiral during a parley, induced him to withdraw. These were the main reasons for the Punic Wars. For 17 years the two states struggled for supremacy, primarily in Italy and Iberia, but also on the islands of Sicily and Sardinia and, towards the end of the war, in North Africa. This erupted into full-scale mutiny under the leadership of Spendius and Matho and 70,000 Africans from Carthage's oppressed dependant territories flocked to join the mutineers, bringing supplies and finance. Another way to prevent getting this page in the future is to use Privacy Pass. 8th event. The main reason for the occurrence of the battles was the conflict in the vested interests of the Carthagian Empire and the rapidly expanding Roman Empire. How long were the Punic Wars? Due to the loss of historical records in the destruction of the Third Punic War, knowledge of the city and its culture remains spotty. Barca with his intelligent mind created traps for the Romans and defeated them on many occasions. The Carthaginians accordingly opened negotiations and consented to a peace by which they ceded Sicily and the Lipari (Eolie) Islands to Rome and paid an indemnity of 3,200 talents. It is a debatable point whether his attack contravened the new treaty. 8th event. Sequential Easy First Hard First. The Punic wars started in year 246 BC and extended until year 146 BC. The Third Punic War … Print; Main. Operations began with a joint attack upon Messana, which the Romans easily repelled. The main reason for the Punic Wars was the ongoing conflict between the Carthaginian Empire and the Roman Empire. Punic wars were fought between the second and third century BC by Rome and Carthage.Explanation:Rome and Carthage were two of the biggest cities in the world ri… erickisawsome488 erickisawsome488 03/21/2020 History Middle School 1. A Roman war galley with infantry on deck; in the Vatican Museums. Though Rome won … Describe the main events and leaders of the Punic Wars. Completing the CAPTCHA proves you are a human and gives you temporary access to the web property. The recent complications of foreign and internal strife had indeed so weakened Punic power that the prospect of renewing the war under favourable circumstances seemed remote enough. Under Hannibal, the Carthaginian army defeated the … These conquests aroused the suspicions of Rome, which in a treaty with Hasdrubal confined the Carthaginians to the south of the Ebro. In 242 Rome resumed operations at sea. 2nd event 225 B.C.E. This conflict was fought between the states of Carthage and Rome, two powerful states in this period. I. From this episode it became clear that Rome intended to use the victory to the utmost. In return, Rome let them keep their own customs, money, and local government. 1st event. The Second Punic War The Second Punic War happened between 218 BC and 201 BC. A quiz for class on 5/09/09. At Mylae (Milazzo), off the north Sicilian coast, their admiral Gaius Duilius defeated a Carthaginian squadron of superior maneuvering capacity by grappling and boarding. 5th event. Quiz Flashcard. Third Punic War Cause. Cloudflare Ray ID: 5fc633131c9d2b41 Conquered peoples had to acknowledge Roman leadership, pay taxes, and supply soldiers for the Roman army. If you are on a personal connection, like at home, you can run an anti-virus scan on your device to make sure it is not infected with malware. The name Punic, which is used to describe them, is derived from the Latin and Greek words for Phoenician. Rome Builds Navy Fleet 260 BC. The Third Punic War was entirely avoidable was caused by Rome taking advantage of Carthage while they were weak. Critical Thinking 5. The Carthage leader and general, Hannibal, made a daring crossing of the Alps to attack Rome and northern Italy. Performance & security by Cloudflare, Please complete the security check to access. For example, during the Second Punic War, the political endstate was not solely the destruction of the adversary’s military, but rather the military means to achieve the political aim of securing unrivaled control of the Mediterranean world. The web's source of information for Ancient History: definitions, articles, timelines, maps, books, and illustrations. The Punic Wars (264-241, 218-202, 149-146 B.C.) Describe the significance of the Twelve Tables and the Law of Nations. His work was continued by his son-in-law Hasdrubal and his son Hannibal, who was placed at the head of the army in 221. Roman expansion in Italy from 298 to 201 BCE. There were three main fronts in this war: Italy, where Hannibal defeated the Romans in repeated battles; Hispania, where Hannibal’s younger brother defended Carthaginian colonial cities with gusto; and Sicily, where the Romans never lost their supremacy. Punic Wars. In 251 or 250 the Roman general Lucius Caecilius Metellus at last brought about a pitched battle near Panormus in which the enemy’s force was effectively crippled. The Second Punic War (218–201 BC) was the second of three wars fought between Carthage and Rome, the two main powers of the western Mediterranean in the 3rd century BC. While this war was a lot shorter than the First Punic War, it is most well known for the Carthage leader Hannibal who caused massive damage to the Romans. Most of the fighting on land during the first Punic War took place on Sicily. The Carthaginian council upheld Hannibal’s action and drew upon itself a declaration of war. The cause of the Second Punic War can be found in the termination of the First, demonstrating how the sources of conflict can be derived from the events of a past struggle. By 164 BC, Rome was a very different country then before the Punic Wars that saw immediate and long term effects. The city of Carthage, located in what is now Tunisia in North Africa, had been founded in 814 B.C. Background . Eryx (modern Erice) (244–242) in western Sicily, by which he effectually screened Lilybaeum from any attempt on it by the Roman land army. According to J.F. Articles from Britannica Encyclopedias for elementary and high school students. 1. This victory was followed by an investment of the chief Punic base at Lilybaeum (Marsala), together with Drepanum (Trapani), by land and sea. Lesson Plan. The quiz and worksheet help you see how much you know about the Third Punic War. The western Mediterranean during the Punic Wars. About This Quiz & Worksheet. In both wars, the Carthaginians had also been made to pay Rome massive reparations. After the start of the Second Punic War, the Carthaginian general Hannibal boldly crossed the Alps and invaded Italy. Sicily … Feedback. This causes the First Punic War. Militia. Carthage, on the other hand, had long been anxious to conquer Sicily and so to complete the chain of island posts by which it controlled the western Mediterranean. Each time a new legion was raised, it had to be trained almost entirely from scratch, while under normal circumstances the command of the army changed every year. 9th event. The student will compare and contrast a Republic, Monarchy, and Empire. Military leadership. The loss of naval supremacy not only deprived the Carthaginians of their predominance in the western Mediterranean but exposed their overseas empire to disintegration under renewed attacks by Rome. Others became partial citizens, who were allowed to marry ROmans and carry on trade in Rome. After a brief march towards Syracuse, his time as Consul was up and he returned to Rome. C.4.7.2. What was the object of dispute between Rome and Carthage? Features; Examples; Case Studies; Pricing; Support; Create a Timeline Now; 3 Punic Wars. His defiant policy was too popular to be disavowed, however. Strategy. This victory, by giving the Romans undisputed command of the sea, rendered certain the ultimate fall of the Punic strongholds in Sicily.